新概念英语第二册 lesson 31 Success story

（单词翻译）

Lesson 31:Success story 成功者的故事

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    What was Frank's first job?

    Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired¹, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!

New words and expressions 生词和短语

retire  v. 退休
company  n. 公司
bicycle  n. 自行车
save  v. 积蓄
workshop  n. 车间
helper  n. 帮手，助手
employ  v. 雇佣
grandson  n. 孙子

参考译文

    昨天下午弗兰克.霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。在退休前，弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理，但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工。他那时的工作是修理自行车，并且通常是一天工作14个小时。他靠多年积蓄，于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。20多岁的时候，弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件。那时他有两个帮手。几年之后，小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有728人的大工厂。弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路，微笑了。他正笑着的时候门开了，他的妻子走了进来。她叫他去修理孙子的自行车。

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　　自学导读
1．Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前，弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理，但他小时侯却在一家小铺里做工。
（1）head在此处的意思不是人或动物的“头部”，而是“首领”、“头目”，一般出现在“the head of +名词”结构中：
John is the head of the family.
约翰是一家之主。
Frank is the head of that firm.
弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。
（2） as在这里为介词，表不“当……时”，as a boy相当于 as he was a boy。
2．It was his job to repair bicycles…他那时的工作是修理自行车……
it为“先行主语”，句子的真正主语为to repair bicycles。
3．He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年积蓄，于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。
（1）for years表示“许多年”。
（2）of one's own为固定短语，表示“自己的”、“属于自己的”，own为代词：
He wanted a room of his own.
他想要一个自己的房间。
Do you have a house of your own?
你有自己的房子吗？
4．in one's twenties，（在某人）二十多岁的时候。
one's twenties/thirties/forties…，二十多岁／三十多岁／四十多岁……10的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量，与所有格形容词（my等）连用时表示大约的年龄：
My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
我的姑妈詹妮弗已接近四十岁／四十出头，但她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。
5．Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路，微笑了。
（1）hard意思很多，在这里指“艰难的”、“困苦的”：
She lived a hard life in those years.
那些年她的生活很艰难。
（2）one's early years指某人的早年（生活），意义相近的表达方式为early in one's life。
（3） the long road to success是一种比喻的说法，因为success是抽象名词。to在这里表示方向、目的地，意义为“朝”、“往”、“向”等，这个短语的字面意义为“通向成功的漫漫长路”。

　　语法 Grammar in use
1．过去进行时与一般过去时
在第7课的语法中我们学习了过去进行时。它主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比，它更强调动作的持续性，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时，过去进行时往往用来表示背景：
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.
昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门开了，他的妻子走了进来。
Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
上星期天，我和往常一样，又去河边坐着。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在划船。（过去进行时描述背景）
比较典型的表示过去正在进行的动作的表达方式如：
2．used to do
我们用used to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯，以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now…，but
not…any more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。
I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我过去常吸烟，但现在已不吸了。
He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他过去是个懒孩子，但现在他很勤奋。
used to仅用于一般过去时。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身：

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．experience
（1）n．经历（可数）：
I had an amusing³ experience last year.
去年我有过一次有趣的经历。
He told me about his experiences as a young man.
他向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
（2）n．经验，体验（不可数）：
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.
他们想要一位有丰富经验的人来承担这项工作。
Does she have any experience in teaching?
她有教学经验吗？
（3）vt．经验，体验：
Have you ever experienced anything like this?
你经历过像这样的事情吗？
The village has experienced great changes since 1980.
自1980年以来这个村子经历了极大的变化。
experience的过去分词常作形容词用，表示“有经验的”、“经验丰富的”：
John is an experienced driver.
约翰是个经验丰富的司机。
2．save vt．，vi．
（1）救助，搭救，拯救：
The doctor saved the child's life.
那位医生救了这孩子一命。
They saved the child from the fire.
他们从大火中救出了这孩子。
（2）储蓄，积攒：
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
为了买一辆车，他积攒了多年。
He used to save letters.
他过去常积攒信件。
3．work与job
作为名词，这两个单词都可以翻译为“工作”，但它们在用法上并不一样。job为可数名词，一般与“职业”、“职位”有关，或表示某人的“份内事”；work作“工作”讲时是不可数名词，常指具体的“劳动”、“作业”或“（待做的）工作或事务”等，也可能表示“上班：
It was his job to repair bicycles.
他的工作是修理自行车。
John is looking for a new job.
约翰正在找一份新工作。
I'm looking for work as a driver.
我在找一份开车的活。
I've a lot of work to do on Sunday.
星期天我有许多事要做。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A What was happening： was telling (1.1)；was still smiling (1.10)
What happened： retired(1.2)；saved(1.5)；bought(1.6)；had(1.7)；employed(1.9)；smiled when he remembered (1.9)；opened…came in…wanted(11.10-11)
What used to happen： used to work(1.3)；used to work(11.4-5)；used to make(1.7)
C …worked/was working…sat/was sitting…was looking…were passing…stopped…got…were/had been…used to come/came…used to go/went…were…quarrelled…had never seen/saw…got/was getting…called…hurried
2．难点练习答案
1 experienced  2jobs  3job  4save
3．多项选择题答案
1d  2b  3a  4c  5a  6a
7d  8a  9b  10c  11a  12c

　　【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★retire　v. 退休
He is getting old. He is going to retire.
retire=stop working=stop doing this
I'm going to retire next year.
我明年会退出影坛或歌坛
I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now.
★company　n. 公司
firm 商行
corporation 责任公司
limited corporation　有限责任公司 Ltd.Co
He works in my business.
他在我的公司工作
★bicycle　n. 自行车
★save　v. 积蓄
save 挽救
save one's life
He saved my life　他挽救我的生命
save one's face　挽会面子
save money 存钱
save up 存钱
I have saved up for many years.
save it for a raining day 未雨绸缪,为将来需要而做好准备
★workshop　n. 车间
workhouse 感化院
★helper　n. 帮手，助手
assistant 助理
★employ　v. 雇佣
employee　雇员
employer 雇主
trainer　教练
trainee⁴　接受训练的人
★grandson　n. 孙子

　　【课文讲解】
He worked in a factory.他曾经在一个车间里工作
He used to work in a small workshop.
他过去在一个车间工作
used to do 过去常常，但是现在不做
My teacher used to live there. 我的老师过去住在那（现在不住了）
He lived there.　他过去住在那（不知道现在是否住在那）
She worked as a teacher.
work...as...作为...工作
He used to worked as a teacher.
I used to study in this school.
as a boy
as 在这儿是当...的时候
as he was a boy
as a young man 当他年轻的时候
in his twenties
in one's thirties/forties/fifties/nineties
in one's -ies 在某人几十岁的时候
in my fifties　在我五十多岁的时候
In his fifties,he learned the second language.
in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代
I worked/began the job in the 1990s.
a head of 老板
at that time=just then=at that moment
of one's own
my own book
用one's own还是of one's own由被修饰词的位置决定，如果被修饰名词在前边，用of one's own,如果被修饰名词在后边，用one's own
has become 成长为
in a few years 在一些年之后
hard early years 早年的艰辛
long road to success 通往成功的长路
remember 记得，回忆起
memory　n.记忆
memorize　v.
There is a long way to go.
My wife came in when I was smiling　强调我妻子进来
I was smiling when my wife came in　 强调我微笑
want sb. to do 想让某人做某事
main idea：his experiences as a young man.
success　成功，成功者

Letter writing】
1.F　2.T　3.F

Key structures】
过去进行时出现在１．一个故事的背景
２．和另外一件事同时发生
Exercises C:
was working /was sitting /looked (was looking) /were passing/
stopped /got / were(used to be)/used to come(came) /went(used to go)/ were(used to be) /quarrelled /saw /got(was getting) /called
/hurried
be surprised to see

Special difficulties】
a.experience　经历（可数名词）
经验（不可数名词）
experienced　有经验的
b.save
save one's life
save one's face
save money
save it for a rainy day
c. work and job
1. work 可以做动词，job不可以做动词
2. job 是不可数名词
Exercise
1. experienced
2.jobs
3.job
4.save
econmize　经济，节省
save　存钱

Composition】
not only / repaired / but /as well /told /make /prefer
go for a ride / go for a walk
ride a car / bicycle /horse
go for a ride on sth.

Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
No.1　D
(a),(b)选项是作为“he was a young man“中的一个部分
No.3　A
No.4　C
Vocabulary
No.8　A
leader　　　起带头作用的人
headmaster　校长
direction　 方向
director　　管理整个的事务的人
superior　　监理
No.12　　C
enter = go in /come in
return = go back
go与come in方向不一样