有声读物《孙子兵法》第63期:第十一章 九地(2)

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　　2.古之善用兵者，能使敌人前后不相及，众寡不相恃，贵贱不相救，上下不相收，卒离而不集，兵合而不齐。

　　合于利而动，不合于利而止。

　　敢问:“敌众整而将来，待之若何？”

　　曰：“先夺其所爱，则听矣。”

　　兵之情主速，乘人之不及,由不虞之道，攻其所不戒也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　从前善于指挥作战的人，能使敌人前后部队不能相互策应，主力和小部队无法相互依靠，

　　官兵之间不能相互救援，上下级之间不能互相联络，士兵分散不能集中，合兵布阵也不整齐。

　　对我有利就打，对我无利就停止行动。

　　试问：敌人兵员众多且又阵势严整向我发起进攻，那该用什么办法对付它呢？

　　回答是：先夺取敌人最关心爱护的，这样就听从我们的摆布了。

　　用兵之理贵在神速，要乘敌人措手不及的时机，走敌人意料不到的道路，攻击敌人没有戒备的地方。

　　英文这么说：

　　Those who were called skillful leaders of old knew how to drive a wedge between the enemy's front and rearto prevent co-operation between his large and small divisions;to hinder the good troops from rescuing the bad,the officers from rallying their men.When the enemy's men were united, they managed to keep them in disorder¹.When it was to their advantage, they made a forward move; when otherwise, they stopped still.If asked how to cope with a great host of the enemy in orderly array and on the point of marching to the attack,I should say: "Begin by seizing something which your opponent holds dear; then he will be amenable² to yourwill."Rapidity is the essence of war: take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, make your way by unexpected routes,and attack unguarded spots.

　　单句理解

　　所谓古之善用兵者，能使敌人前后不相及，众寡不相恃，贵贱不相救，上下不相收，卒离而不集，兵合而不齐。合于利而动，不合于利而止。孙子在这里提出了“和余力而动，不合于利而止”的战争指导原则。这种原则主要是使敌人前后不能相救，上下不能相及，从而阻断敌人内部的有机联系，达到降级敌人战斗力的目的。总之，军事行动要以对我方有利为原则。

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