VOA慢速英语2015 感到经济拮据

（单词翻译）

Feel the Pinch¹ 感到经济拮据

Hello, I'm Anna Matteo with the Learning² English program Words and Their Stories.

In the 1930s, a song, "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime³?" was very popular in the United States.

It was the time of the big Depression. The song had meaning for many people who had lost their jobs. A dime is a piece of money whose value is one-tenth of a dollar. Today, a dime does not buy very much. But it was different in the 1930s. During that time, a dime sometimes meant the difference between eating and starving.

The American economy today is much better. Yet, many workers are concerned about losing their jobs as companies re-organize.

Americans have special ways of talking about economic troubles.

People in business or families may say they feel the pinch. Or they may say they are up against it. Or, if things are really bad, they may say they have to throw in the towel.

A pinch is painful pressure. To feel the pinch is to suffer painful pressure involving money.

The expression, feel the pinch, has been used since the 16th century. The famous English writer William Shakespeare wrote something very close to this in his great play "King Lear."

King Lear says he would accept necessity's sharp pinch. He means he would have to do without many of the things he always had.

Much later, the Times of London newspaper used the expression about bad economic times during the 1860s. It said, "so much money having been spent ... All classes felt the pinch."

Worse than feeling the pinch is being up against it. The saying means to be in a lot of trouble.

Word expert James Rogers says the word "it" in the saying can mean any and all difficulties. He says the saying became popular in the United States and Canada in the late 19th century. Writer George Ade used it in a book called "Artie." He wrote, "I saw I was up against it."

Sometimes a business that is up against it will have to throw in the towel. This means to accept defeat or surrender⁴.

Throwing in the towel may mean that a company will have to declare bankruptcy⁵. The company will have to take legal steps to let people know it has no money to pay its debts.

Another word expert Charles Funk says an 1874 publication⁶ called the Slang⁷ Dictionary explains throwing in the towel. It says the words probably came from the sport of boxing, or prizefighting. The book says the saying began because a competitor's face was cleaned with a cloth towel or other material. When a boxer's towel was thrown, it meant he was admitting defeat.

Most businesses do not throw in the towel. They just re-organize so they can compete better.

This Words and Their Stories was written by Jeri Watson. And I'm Anna Matteo.

Check out our website for more episodes⁸ of Words and Their Stories.