VOA标准英语2015--研究人员寻找修复脑损伤的方法

（单词翻译）

Researchers Seek Ways to Help Damaged Brains Heal 研究人员寻找修复脑损伤的方法

HOUSTON—Normal brain activity results from those cells — called neurons — linking together in complex networks, and researchers are seeking a better understanding of how that happens.

Using powerful microscopes and imaging devices, Rice University researcher Amina Qutub can observe brain cells in a glass container and the connections they make with each other.

"We are looking at how neural¹ progenitors², which are cells that can regenerate³ in the brain, form active neural networks," she said.

Brain cells connect with each other through both chemical and electrical signals, and they utilize⁴ a variety of proteins to stimulate⁵ growth.

Qutub's team of Rice University scientists and technicians combine such fields as biology, electrical engineering and nanotechnology to unravel⁶ the mysteries of how this works.

"Any one cell here is influenced by all of its neighbors in the environment,” Qutub said. “So, we are teasing out how that one cell, as it becomes an electrically active neuron, is affected⁷ by the community of cells."

‘Elaborate, beautiful structures’

In the laboratory there is a piece of abstract art that is composed of images of neuron networks, showing their vast complexity⁸.

"They form very elaborate and beautiful structures,” Qutub said of the neurons, “and the different network structures relate to what they do, their function. What we are trying to figure out is what are the chemical signals that lead to a particular structure and, in turn, how does that chemical structure lead to the electrical signals that you get when you have active neurons."

The Rice research is supported in part by President Barack Obama's $300 million BRAIN Initiative, which is modeled after the Human Genome Project.

The research “opens up a huge door to better understanding the brain," Qutub said.

Like many other people around the world, Qutub has seen how a stroke or a disease such as Alzheimer's can disrupt brain function, and she hopes this research will one day provide better treatment.

"We are understanding the mechanism⁹ of how these cells can grow back, and with it we can identify better drugs and better targets from the basic science work," she said.

For now, the research team is focused on developing a dynamic computer model that can help analyze¹⁰ interactions in the world's most complex mechanism.