VOA常速英语2015--研究表明强大爆炸会改变大脑结构

（单词翻译）

研究表明强大爆炸会改变大脑结构

Many veterans who survived powerful explosions show symptoms of psychological injuries, such as mood swings, violent outbursts, difficulty to concentrate or depression.

很多从战场强大爆炸中存活下来的老兵都会有诸如情绪波动、暴力倾向,难以集中注意力或抑郁等的心理损害症状。

As with people who died in transportation accidents or from drug overdoses, their brains show physical damage.

而死于交通事故或吸毒过量人们的大脑也展示物理性损害的迹象。

But researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine say close examination of the brains of veterans who died of other causes shows a pattern of swollen¹ and broken nerve fibers² concentrated in the frontal lobe³.

但约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的研究人员表示仔细检查死于其他原因退伍军人的大脑显示肿胀及破碎的神经纤维集中在额叶部分。

“And that's very important because this is the site, the center, of the executive functions of the brain. Functions that allow you to put your life together, organize, plan ahead, understand, abstract. And you can imagine this can make your life difficult."

“这是非常重要的,因为这是中枢,中心,大脑的执行功能场所。这些功能使得你把生活串联在一起,组织,提前计划,理解,提取。你可以想象这也可以使你的生活变得困难。”

Koliatsos, a pathologist and neurologist who led the study, says the specific honeycombed pattern of these damages and their concentration near blood vessels⁴ suggest that the force of a powerful explosion squeezes the blood in the soldiers' chest and pushes it into the brain.

主持这项研究的病理学家及神经学家克里阿特斯表示这些损害的具体蜂窝状模式及其附近血管的浓度证明强大爆炸的力量会对老兵胸部的血液进行挤压并使它们流入大脑。

“Because there's a pulse of over-pressure wave that happens like this, the brain also swells⁵ like this. And when the brain swells, it pushes against some of the fixed⁶ elements inside the skull⁷."

“因为有这样的过压发生,大脑也会这样的。当大脑开始膨胀,它会对一些头骨内的固定结构施压。”

Koliatsos says, if there is a neurological basis for these damages, doctors may start thinking of prescribing different medications to the veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorders⁸, and military planners may be able to help the survivors⁹' by improving the soldier's chest protection.

克里阿特斯表示如果有这些损害的神经基础,医生可能开始考虑为患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人开具不同处方药物,并且军事人员可以通过提高士兵的胸部保护帮助幸存者。