Public Transportation Expands Around the World

（单词翻译）

By Brent Hurd

Many governments are promoting above and underground transit¹ systems to fight increasing congestion².

Urban trains are appearing even in the wide expanses of the western United States, in places like Dallas, a Texas city known for oil riches and big cars. 

"In Texas, we are not very used to riding a train around the city. But actually, Dallas and Houston have both started light rail systems. It is very popular in both cities." This is Brewster McCracken, a city council member in the Texas capital, Austin, says.
 
Its citizens recently voted for a new public train similar to those in Dallas and Houston. The Austin plan will use existing railroad tracks already in place throughout the city.

What is happening in Texas reflects a growing trend elsewhere in the United States, says William Millar, president of the American Public Transportation Association. "In the last several years, public transportation in America has undergone a renaissance," Voters across the United States are supporting public transit systems like the one in Austin. "When you look at all of the year 2004, some 42 out of 53 referenda were passed. It was not uncommon³ ten years ago for more than half the referenda to fail. What it shows is that in many places, the public is ready to invest in public transportation." 

But a majority of Americans still commute⁴ with cars and most transportation funds are spent on building roads. Alan Pisarski is a transportation consultant⁵ and author of "Commuting⁶ in America." He says the excitement over public transportation in America is "an expression of people's frustration⁷. There is a lot of discomfort⁸ and unhappiness around the country about congestion and about transportation services in general. I think there is a feeling of trying anything that is going to help."

In 1900, many US cities had extensive urban rail systems. But with the arrival of the automobile⁹, most of them disappeared by the 1950s. Now many cities are returning to what they had 100 years ago.

In other countries, riding buses, trains or subways are part of everyday life.  "Many countries support public transportation to a much greater degree than happens in the United States, particularly in Europe. In other places in the world that are developing cities, there is a tremendous growth of investment in public transit. In China city, for example, after city is building metro¹⁰ systems. Throughout Southeast Asia, certainly in the capital cities, over the last two or three decades have built major rail systems. In South America we see not only rail systems being built, but we see some of the most innovative¹¹ use of public transit buses as anywhere in the world."

Rising levels of pollution from cars is also leading to more investment in public transportation. Mike Ashforth, a historian of London's underground system, he says urban transport can help cities develop without spoiling the environment with excessive greenhouse gas emissions¹². "The main impact of the underground is that it can reduce the amount of surface transport which in many cities depends on the internal combustion¹³ engine. The one advantage that electrically delivered urban transport has is that it is relatively¹⁴ clean at the point of delivery. It can also carry far more many people in terms of the amount of energy used."

Many analysts¹⁵ say the growth of public transportation does not challenge the automobile but rather provides another choice to commuters. As a rising number of people want to go to an infinite number of places at any time, public transportation may be the answer.

For focus, this is Brent Hurd.

注释：
Dallas 达拉斯 （美国得克萨斯州东北部城市）
light rail 轻轨
American Public Transportation Association 美国公共交通联合会
undergo 经历
renaissance 复兴时期
referenda 投票（单数为referendum）
congestion 堵塞
subway 地铁
metro system 地下铁道系统
spoil 损坏
combustion engine 内燃机