新概念英语第三册lesson 31-A lovable eccentric

（单词翻译）

Lesson 31:A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did the shop assistant refuse to serve Dickie?

    True eccentrics never deliberately¹ set out to draw attention to themselves. They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.
    Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town. He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity² had become legendary³ long before he died.
    Dickie disliked snobs⁵ intensely. Though he owned a large car, he hardly ever used it, preferring always to go on foot. Even when it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella. One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower. He wanted to buy a $300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled condition than an assistant refused to serve him. Dickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag. As it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter. The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager. Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely⁶. When Dickie was given the watch, the presented the assistant with the cloth bag. It contained $300 in pennies. He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left -- 30,000 pennies in all! On another occasion, he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings. This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie. It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

     lovable
adj. 可爱的

     eccentric
n.   （行为）古怪人

     disregard
v.   不顾，漠视
 
     convention
n.   习俗，风俗

     conscious
adj. 感觉到的，意识到的

     invariably
adv. 总是，经常地

     routine
n.   常规；惯例

     shrewd
adj. 精明的

     eccentricity
n.   怪僻

     legendary
adj. 传奇般的

     snob⁴
n.   势利小人，谄上欺下的人

     intensely
adv. 强烈地

     bedraggled
adj. 拖泥带水的

     dump
v.   把……砰的一声抛下

     apologetic
adj. 道歉的

     reprimand
v.   训斥

     stage
v.   暗中策划

     elaborate
adj. 精心构思的

参考译文

    真正古怪的人从不有意引人注意。他们不顾社会习俗，意识不到自己所作所为有什么特殊之处。他们总能赢得别人的喜爱与尊敬，因为他们给平淡单一的日常生活增添了色彩。
    理查德.科尔森生前是我们镇上最有名望的人之一。他是个精明能干、有钱的商人，但镇上大部分人对他生活中的这一个方面几乎一无所知。大家都管他叫迪基。早在他去世前很久，他的古怪行为就成了传奇故事了。
    迪基痛恨势利小人。尽管他有一辆豪华小轿车，但却很少使用，常常喜欢以步代车。即使大雨倾盆，他也总是拒绝带伞。一天，他遇上一场瓢泼大雨，淋得透湿。他走进一家高级商店，要为妻子买一块价值300英镑的手表。但店员见他浑身泥水的样子，竟不肯接待他。迪基二话没说就走了。一会儿，他带着一个大布口袋回到店里。布袋很沉，他重重地把布袋扔在柜台上。店员让迪基走开，他置之不理，并要求见经理。经理认出了这位顾客，表示了深深的歉意，还严厉地训斥了店员。店员为迪基拿出了那块手表，迪基把布口袋递给他，口袋里面装着300镑的便士。他坚持要店员点清那些硬币后他才离去。

新概念英语正版图书购买

　　自学导读
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．Before he retired⁷, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前，弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理，但他小时侯却在一家小铺里做工。
（1）head在此处的意思不是人或动物的“头部”，而是“首领”、“头目”，一般出现在“the head of +名词”结构中：
John is the head of the family.
约翰是一家之主。
Frank is the head of that firm.
弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。
（2） as在这里为介词，表不“当……时”，as a boy相当于 as he was a boy。
2．It was his job to repair bicycles…他那时的工作是修理自行车……
it为“先行主语”，句子的真正主语为to repair bicycles。
3．He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年积蓄，于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。
（1）for years表示“许多年”。
（2）of one's own为固定短语，表示“自己的”、“属于自己的”，own为代词：
He wanted a room of his own.
他想要一个自己的房间。
Do you have a house of your own?
你有自己的房子吗？
4．in one's twenties，（在某人）二十多岁的时候。
one's twenties/thirties/forties…，二十多岁／三十多岁／四十多岁……10的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量，与所有格形容词（my等）连用时表示大约的年龄：
My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
我的姑妈詹妮弗已接近四十岁／四十出头，但她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。
5．Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路，微笑了。
（1）hard意思很多，在这里指“艰难的”、“困苦的”：
She lived a hard life in those years.
那些年她的生活很艰难。
（2）one's early years指某人的早年（生活），意义相近的表达方式为early in one's life。
（3） the long road to success是一种比喻的说法，因为success是抽象名词。to在这里表示方向、目的地，意义为“朝”、“往”、“向”等，这个短语的字面意义为“通向成功的漫漫长路”。

　　语法 Grammar in use
1．过去进行时与一般过去时
在第7课的语法中我们学习了过去进行时。它主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比，它更强调动作的持续性，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时，过去进行时往往用来表示背景：
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.
昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门开了，他的妻子走了进来。
Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
上星期天，我和往常一样，又去河边坐着。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在划船。（过去进行时描述背景）
比较典型的表示过去正在进行的动作的表达方式如：
2．used to do
我们用used to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯，以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now…，but
not…any more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。
I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我过去常吸烟，但现在已不吸了。
He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他过去是个懒孩子，但现在他很勤奋。
used to仅用于一般过去时。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身：

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．experience
（1）n．经历（可数）：
I had an amusing experience last year.
去年我有过一次有趣的经历。
He told me about his experiences as a young man.
他向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
（2）n．经验，体验（不可数）：
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.
他们想要一位有丰富经验的人来承担这项工作。
Does she have any experience in teaching?
她有教学经验吗？
（3）vt．经验，体验：
Have you ever experienced anything like this?
你经历过像这样的事情吗？
The village has experienced great changes since 1980.
自1980年以来这个村子经历了极大的变化。
experience的过去分词常作形容词用，表示“有经验的”、“经验丰富的”：
John is an experienced driver.
约翰是个经验丰富的司机。
2．save vt．，vi．
（1）救助，搭救，拯救：
The doctor saved the child's life.
那位医生救了这孩子一命。
They saved the child from the fire.
他们从大火中救出了这孩子。
（2）储蓄，积攒：
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
为了买一辆车，他积攒了多年。
He used to save letters.
他过去常积攒信件。
3．work与job
作为名词，这两个单词都可以翻译为“工作”，但它们在用法上并不一样。job为可数名词，一般与“职业”、“职位”有关，或表示某人的“份内事”；work作“工作”讲时是不可数名词，常指具体的“劳动”、“作业”或“（待做的）工作或事务”等，也可能表示“上班：
It was his job to repair bicycles.
他的工作是修理自行车。
John is looking for a new job.
约翰正在找一份新工作。
I'm looking for work as a driver.
我在找一份开车的活。
I've a lot of work to do on Sunday.
星期天我有许多事要做。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A What was happening： was telling (1.1)；was still smiling (1.10)
What happened： retired(1.2)；saved(1.5)；bought(1.6)；had(1.7)；employed(1.9)；smiled when he remembered (1.9)；opened…came in…wanted(11.10-11)
What used to happen： used to work(1.3)；used to work(11.4-5)；used to make(1.7)
C …worked/was working…sat/was sitting…was looking…were passing…stopped…got…were/had been…used to come/came…used to go/went…were…quarrelled…had never seen/saw…got/was getting…called…hurried
2．难点练习答案
1 experienced  2jobs  3job  4save
3．多项选择题答案
1d  2b  3a  4c  5a  6a
7d  8a  9b  10c  11a  12c

　　课堂笔记
retire v 退休
company n 公司
bicycle n 自行车
save v 积蓄
workshop n 车间
helper n 帮手，助手
employ v 雇用
grandson n 孙子
he is getting old，he is going to retire
retire＝stop doing this ＝ stop working
i'm going to retire next year
我明年将推出影坛或歌坛等
i'm so tired that i‘m going to retire now
form 商行
corporation 责任公司
limited corporation 有限责任公司
Ltd. Co
he works in my business
他在我的公司工作
save 挽救
save one's life
he saved my life
他挽救了我的生命
save one's face 挽回面子
save money 存钱
西方人不喜欢提钱，所以用
save up存钱
i have saved up for many years
我已经存了好几年的钱
save it for a rainy day
未雨绸缪，为将来而做好准备
workhouse 感化院，强迫劳动的地方
workshop 工作并且可以拿出来卖
assistant助理
employee雇员
employer雇主
trainer训练
trainee⁹被训练的人
text
he worked in a factory他曾经在一个车间工作
he used to work in a small workshop他过去在一个小车间工作
used to do 过去常常，但是现在不做
my teacher used to live there我的老师过去住在那（现在不在了）
he lived there 他过去住在那，（但不知道他现在时否住在那）
she worked as a teacher
work...as...作为...工作...
he used to work as a teacher
i used to study in this school
as a boy＝as he was a boy
as 在这是当...的时候
as a young man 当他年轻的时候
in his twenties，in one’s thirties/fourties
in one's －ies，在某人几十多岁的时候
in my fifties 在我五十多岁的时候
in his fifties，he learned the second language
in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代
i worked/began the job in the 1990s
a head of 老板
at that time＝just then＝at that moment
of one's own某人自己的
my own book
用of one's own 或 one's own 由被修饰词的位置决定，如过修饰词在前边用
of one's own，否则用one's own
has become 成长为
in a few years在一些年之后
hard early years早年的艰辛
long road to success通往成功的长路
remember记得，回忆起
memory n 记忆 memorize v.
there is a long way to go
my wife came in when i was smiling强调我妻子进来
i was smiling when my wife came in强调我微笑（when 不能放在强调的前面）
want sb to do sth
过去进行时出现在1。一个故事的背景
2。和另外一件事同时发生
a。experience 经历（可数名词） 经验（不可数名词）experienced 有经验的
b.save save one's life save、 one's face、 save money
c.work and job work 可做动词，job 可数，work 不可数
economize 经济，节省（能不用的就不用）
save 存钱（多余的钱）
go for a ride/go for a walk go for a ride on sth
be surprised to do
not anymore不再
leader 起带头作用的人
headmaster 校长
direction 方向
director 管理整个事务的人
Frank is a director of a business company
superior 监理
enter＝go in/come in return＝go back