新概念英语第三册lesson 35 Justice was done

（单词翻译）

Lesson 35:Justice was done 伸张正义
         
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
The word 'justice' is given two different meanings in the text. What is the distinction between them?

    The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence¹ or guilt² has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery³ of the law. Those who seek it undertake an arduous⁴ journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent⁵, are human and can make mistakes.
    There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept. Reward or punishment are meted⁷ out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.
    When a thief was caught on the premises⁸ of large jewellery store on morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right.' The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards midday, a girl heard a muffed cry coming from behind on of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly⁹ rang up the fire brigade. The cry had certainly come form one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was. They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall. The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

     justice
n.   正义，公正；司法

     court
n.   法院

     law
n.   法律

     innocence
n.   无辜

     undertake
v.   承担；着手做

     arduous
adj. 艰苦的，艰难的

     abstract
adj. 抽象的

     concept
n.   概念，观念

     mete⁶ out
     给予，处置

     interference
n.   干涉

     accord
n.   一致

      premises
n.    房屋

     convert
v.   转变，改变

     disused
adj. 不再用的，废弃的

     fireplace
n.   壁炉

     muffle¹⁰
v.   捂住，厌抑

     chip
v.   砍，削，凿

     blacken
v.   使变黑

     emerge
v.   （从某处）出现

参考译文

    “正义”这个词常常是同法庭连在一起的。当某人被证据确凿地证明无罪的时候，我们也许会说正义得到了伸张。正义是复杂的法律机器组成部分。那些寻求正义的人走的是一条崎岖的道路，从来没有把握他们最终将到正义。法官无论如何聪明与有名，毕竟也是人，也会出差错的。
    在个别情况下，正义不再是一种抽象概念。奖惩的实施是不受人意志支配的。在这种时候，正义像一种有生命的力量行使其职能。当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候，我们部分承认了某种特定的环境使得正义自动地起了作用。
    一天上午，当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时候，店员一定会忍不住说：“他罪有应得。”那是一座老式的、经过改造的房子，店里有许多废置不用的大壁炉和又高又窄的烟囱。快到中午的时候，一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷声闷气的叫声。由于这种喊叫声重复了几次，她跑去报告经理，经理当即给消防队挂了电话。喊叫声肯定是从烟囱里传出来的，然而，因为烟囱太多，消防队员无法确定到底是哪一个。他们通过叫击烟囱倾叫声而确定传出声音的那个烟囱。他们凿透了18英寸厚的墙壁，发现有个人卡在烟囱里。由于烟囱太窄，那人无法动弹。消防队员在墙上挖了个大洞，才终于把他解救出来。那个看来满脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来，就承认头天夜里他企图到店里行窍，但让烟囱卡住了。他已经在烟囱里被困了将近10个小时。甚至在那人还没被送交给警察之前，正义就已得到了伸张。

新概念英语正版图书购买

　　自学导读
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and be has not regretted it．然而就在前不久，他开上了公共汽车，也并不为此而感到后悔。
（1）while作名词表示“一会儿”、“（一段）时间”时常与a连用，有时也与the，this等连用：
They haven't seen each other for a long while.
他们有很长时间没见面了。
Have you been in Australia all this while?
这段时间你一直在澳大利亚吗？
I saw her a short while ago.
我刚才还见到她了。
（2）句尾的it代指 he became a bus driver这件事。
2．far more exciting，令人兴奋得多。
在形容词和副词的比较级与最高级前面，可以用far（相当于much）来表示强调：
It's for/ much colder today than it was yesterday.
今天比昨天要冷得多。
Houses are far/ much more expensive these days.
如今的房价贵多了。
This is(by) far the most expensive bicycle in the shop.
这是这家商店里最贵的自行车。（比其他的要贵好多）
3．… saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car．……
看到两个小偷从一家商店里冲出来，奔向等在那里的一辆汽车。
（1） see和其他一些感知动词（如 feel， hear，notice， smell， watch 等）
可以用在动词+名词或代词宾语+不带to的不定式结构中；
I saw him climb through the window.
我看见他爬进窗户。
这些动词的宾语相当于不定式的主语，上句即：
I saw that he climbed through the window.
（译文同上）
在课文中的这句话中，rush和run是two thieves的两个连续的动作。
（2） waiting为现在分词作定语，表示“等待着的”、“等在那里的”。
4．The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag．拿钱的那个小偷吓得把提包都扔了。
（1）with 表示“带着”、“拿着”。
（2） such（a）+名词+ that与 so+形容词+ that一样，后面引导的是结果状语从句，
通常译为“如此……以致……”：
They are such wonderful players that they will surely win the game.
他们都是如此出色的运动员，所以肯定能在这场比赛中获胜。
5．As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. 当那两个小偷企图乘车逃跑时，罗伊驾驶他的公共汽车撞在了那辆车的后尾上。
（1）
短语动词 get away 的含义之一为“逃跑”、“逃脱”：
How did the thief get away?
小偷是如何逃掉的？
（2）句尾的it指小偷的那辆小汽车； back 指车的“后部”、“尾部”；drive into 的原义为“把（汽车）开进”，
这里是指撞上。
6．the battered¹² car，
那辆被撞坏的车。
battered 为过去分词，作定语，相当于 the car which was battered。
类似的有 a broken window等。

　　语法 Grammar in use
复习一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和被动语态（cf．第26课、第27课、第  28课、第  31课与第  34课语法）
一般现在时通常用于表示目前的状况或动作以及习惯性的动作；一般过去时则指过去某个时间所做的动作，不强调与现在的关系；词组used to只能用于过去时，表示过去有过而现在已没有的习惯等；
现在完成时通常指过去发生的但与现在有联系的动作。这几种时态在一定的上下文中可以同时出现：
John hasn't recognised that woman yet. Do you recognise her?
约翰还没有认出那位妇女。你能认出她吗？
在第34课的语法中，我们讲到被动语态的用法之一是为了突出主语并避免用不明确的词作主语

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．rush
（1）vi．冲，奔：
Two thieves rushed out of a shop.
两个小偷从一家商店里冲了出来。
While I was talking to Frank, a man rushed into the room．
我正和弗兰克谈话时，一个人冲进了房间。
（2）vt．，vi．仓促行事，仓促完成；赶紧做：
Roy rushed (through) his lunch and left for the station.
罗伊匆匆吃完午饭就去车站了。
Tom always rushes his homework on Sunday evenings.
汤姆总是在星期天晚上赶做他的家庭作业。
（3）n．猛冲，奔：
Roy made a rush at the thieves.
罗伊冲向小偷们。
2．straight
（1）adj．直的，笔直的：
He drew a straight line on the paper.
他在纸上画了一条直线。
This road isn't straight.
这条路不直。
（2） adv．笔直地：
He walked straight on.
他一直往前走。
You'll see a tower straight ahead.
你会看到正前方有个塔。
（3）adv．径直地，直接地：
John always goes straight home after work.
约翰下班后总是直接回家。
Roy drove the bus straight at the thieves.
罗伊开车直冲窃贼而去。
3．such与so
such和so都可以用于表示程度，但so 只能作副词和连词，such则是形容词，因此so通常位于形容词、副词之前，而such只能位于名词之前：
引导结果状语从句时，它们的结构分别为“such+（a）+名词+that”和“so+ 形容词+that”：
It was such a cold evening that no one went out.
那天晚上太冷了，所以谁也没有出门。
It was so cold that no one went out.
天太冷了，所以谁也没有出门。
such 除了表示“这样的”、“如此的”等意思外，还可以表示“像这一类的”， so则不能表示后一种意思：
He often talks about such things.
他经常谈论这类事。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A used to drive (1.1) ; became (1.2); has not regretted (1.2); is finding (1.2) ; was driving (1.3); saw…rush out…run (1.4); was carrying (1.5) ; acted…drove (1.6); got… dropped (1.7); were trying to get (1.8); drove(1.8); was moving a way(1.9); stopped…telephoned (1.9); was badly damaged…to recognize (1.10); stopped(1.10); were arrested(1.11)
C 1 mean… Do you understand
2 used to smoke…does not smoke
3 was completed
4 have not seen
5 dropped…was crossing
2．难点练习答案
1 so  2 such a  3 so  4 such  5 so  6 such a 7 such an  8 such a
3．多项选择题答案
1 a  2 d  3 a  4 d  5 d  6 a
7 d  8 a  9 b  10 a  11d  12 d

　　新概念英语第二册课堂笔记
while n 一段时间
regret v 后悔
far adv 非常
rush v 冲
act v 行动
straight adv 径直
fright n 害怕
battered adj 撞坏的
shortly adv 很快，不久
afterwards adv 以后
while ：some time
wait for a while等一会儿
隔了一会儿after a while
regret sth
you will regret it你会后悔的，你一定会后悔的
regret to do：很遗憾要去做
regret doing很遗憾已经做
i regret to tell you a bad news我很遗憾要告诉你一个坏消息
i regret telling him the news我真后悔告诉他这个消息
i regret to steal your money
regret that
遗憾：pity、sorry、regret
pity n. it's a pity
sorry adj. i am sorry
regret v.
比较级前可以加修饰词，表示程度
多一点点用a little，多很多用much
far＝much，修饰形容词或副词的比较级
rush（用腿）冲 run 跑（速度很快）
take action 采取行动
go straight on径直往前走
frighten：惊吓
frightening ：令人感到可怕的
frightened：自己感到可怕的
frightful¹³＝terrible可怕
your handwriting is frightful你的字真糟糕
cold is frightful寒冷是可怕的
一个动词能够加ing/ed，证明这个动词跟人的情感有关，他
的宾语就会是人
this doesn't worry my
you frighten me
get a fright得到惊吓的感觉，
类似get a surprise
i get a fright我吓了一跳
you give me a fright你吓了我一跳
give sb sth
give me a pleasure/an excitement/a fright
batter¹¹ v
动词＋ed：被
battered：lose one's shape 被撞变形的
damaged：被刮坏的
destroyed car车子被损害不能修
damaged car车子坏了能修
battered car 车变形
battered bag破旧不堪的包
shortly afterwards不久以后＝soon
shortly＝soon afterwards＝later后来，以后
text
Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short
while ago, however, he became a bus-
driver and he was not regretted it. He is
finding his new work far more exciting.
When he was driving along Catford Street
recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a
shop and run towards a waiting car. One
of them was carrying a bag full of money.
Roy acted quickly and drove the bus
straight at the thieves. The one with the
money got such a fright that he dropped
the bag. As the thieves were trying to get
away in their car, Roy drove his bus into
the back of it. While the battered car was
moving away, Roy stopped his bus and
telephoned the police. The thieves' car
was badly damaged and easy to recognize.
Shortly afterwards, the police stopped
the car and both men were arrested.
he used to drive a taxi，but now he doesn't drive a taxi any more
a short while ago＝a short time ago不久以前
however
1、可以放句首，可以放句中
2、如果一个词两边有逗好，证明这个词是插入语
you will regret it
find 可以用一般现在时态，可以用进行时态
he is finding his trip very exciting
far more exciting更有趣
along 沿着
a waiting car：正在等候的车子
see sb do sth看见某人做某事（强调全过程）
see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
i see them dance
i see them dancing
hear sb doing/hear sb do
如果全过程用do，过程中的一瞬监用doing
full of：装满
i have a cup full of tea
with 一旦出现在名词后代词后就做定语，出现在动词之后做状语
he came in with a book
the boy with a book came in
get a fright吓了一跳
such...that.../so...that...如此以致于
so＋形容词（副词）＋that.../such+(修饰词或形容词）＋名词＋that
一旦有名词，就认为形容词修饰的是名词，前面的词也修饰的是名词
drop/fall：掉
sb drop sth，drop vt.由于不当心抓什么没抓住掉下去
fall vi. sth fall从上往下落
drop the money
fall the money
get away ＝ run away逃跑
by car /in the car
drive into 撞
stopped his car/the car stopped
damaged：毁坏
用不定式放在形容词后面，主动表被动含义
too...to.../enough...to...
stop拦住车子
both men ＝ two persons
stop the card
1、the driver stop the car
2、其他人stopped the car：拦车
stop thief 捉賊
捉，抓catch
multiple choice
1......
prefer ...to...更喜欢这个东西（和后面的东西比），宁可也不
be sorry遗憾
prefer＋名词 更喜欢
i prefe