新概念英语第三册lesson 40 Who's who

（单词翻译）

Lesson 40:Who's who  真假难辨
 
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How did the policeman discover that the whole thing was a joke?

    It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax¹. Inviting² the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception³ which no self-respecting student would ever indulge⁴ in. Students often create amusing⁵ situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.
    When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not take him seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
    The student did in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen. He threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated⁷ with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed⁸ out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

     hoax
n.   骗局，戏弄

     deception
n.   欺骗，骗局

     self-respecting
adj. 自重的

     indulge
v.   使沉迷

     pneumatic
adj. 气动的

     drill
n.   钻

     silly
adj. 无意义的，无聊的

     advance
adj. 预先的，事先获得的

     archway
n.   拱形门楼

     remonstrate⁶
v.   规劝，告诫

     ironically
adv. 讽刺地

     permission
n.   许可

     grant
v.   同意，准予

参考译文

    谁也弄不清为什么大学生好像比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。大学生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧——戏弄人。请消防队来扑灭一场根本没有的大火是一种低级骗局，有自尊心的大学生决不会去做。大学生们常常做的是制造一种可笑的局面，使大家笑上一场，当然受害者是笑不出来的。
    最近有个学生看见两个工人在学校门外用风钻干活，马上打电话报告警察，说有两个学生装扮成工人，正在用风钻破坏路面。挂上电话后，他又马上来到工人那儿，告诉他们若有个警察来让他们走开，不要把他当回事，还对工人说，有个学生常装扮成警察无聊地同别人开玩笑。警察与工人都对那个学生事先通报情况表示感谢。
    那个学生躲在附近一拱形的门廊里，在那儿可以看见、听到现场发生的一切。果然，警察来了，不礼貌地请工人离开此地；但其中一个工人粗鲁地回了几句。于是警察威胁要强行使他们离开。工人说，悉听尊便。警察去打电话叫人。一会儿工夫，又来了4个警察，规劝工人离开。由于工人拒绝停下手中的活，警察想夺风钻。两个工人奋力抗争，其中一个发了火，威胁说要去叫警察。警察听后讥讽地说，这大可不必，因为他俩已被逮捕了。其中一个工人装模作样地问道，在被带往警察局之前，是否可以打一个电话。警察同意了，陪他来到一个投币地电话前，当他看到那个工人真的是给警察挂电话，才恍然大悟，原来他们都成一场骗局的受害者。

新概念英语正版图书购买

　　自学导读
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．next to, 挨着。
它既可以表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着：
Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?
开会时坐在你旁边的那人是谁？
There's a field/shop next to our house.
我们家房子边上有一片田野/一个商店。
2．Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。
（1）unsmiling的反义词为smiling（微笑的，喜气洋洋的）。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable （舒服的）/uncomfortable（不舒服的），true（真实的）/untrue（不真实的）， interesting（有趣的）/uninteresting（无趣味的，乏味的）。
（2）in在这里表示“穿着”、“戴着”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
有位穿蓝衣服的小伙子在找您。
3．take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示“坐下”，比sit要正式：
Please take a seat.
请坐。
take one's seat则表示位置事先已安排好：
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.
大家各自就座后，会议/宴会便开始了。
4．Her eyes were fixed⁹ on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。
（1）fix最常用的意思为“使……固定”、“安装”：
she fixed a handle on the door.
她在门上安了个把手。
fix on的含义之一为“使（目光、注意力等）集中于”、“盯着”：
He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.
他的眼睛盯着那本书，但他一个字儿也没看懂。
（2）busy+ doing sth.表示“忙着做某事”， doing前可以加 in，也可以不加：
They are busy (in) repairing the car.
他们正忙着修车。
We're all busy getting ready for the performance.
我们都在忙着为演出进行准备。
5．If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃点，少说点……
在并列句中，相同的句子成分（如主语、谓语、状语等）通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。在课文中的这句话中ate与talked对应，more与less对应。再如：
You can either go out or stay here.
你出去也行，呆在这里也行。
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想买的东西很多，但他的钱很少。

　　语法 Grammar in use
第2类条件句
在第16课的语法中，我们学习了第1类条件句，它谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。它的一般形式如下所示：
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
你如果不抓紧时间会误了火车的。（主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时）
第2类条件句的形式与第一类不同，if从句中用一般过去时，谈论想像的情况，主句用would +动词原形，推测想像的结果：
If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们将呆在家里。
尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”。
第2类条件句有时可以代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。试比较：
不过第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情：
If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.
如果我的腿再长一点儿，我就能跑得更快了。
在最后一个例句中，the weather是单数，按语法规则，在正常的陈述句中它后面应为was而不是were。但在第2类条件句中，were比was更为正式，与真实情况的差别也更大：If he were/was ready, I would go.
如果他准备好了，我就去。
if I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议：
If I were you, I'd accept their offer.
如果我是你，我就接受他们的建议。

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．make vt., vi.
及物动词make的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make +（冠词）+名词形式。因名词的不同其含义也稍有不同：
I tried to make conversation.
我试图找个话题。
If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.
如果你愿意，今天早上我来铺床。
Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.
我看书时你（们）别这么吵闹。
He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.
他保证一星期后将书还回来。
If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.
你如果再捣蛋，我就把你送回家。
He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.
他很刻苦，但他进步甚小。
He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.
他挣钱多，花钱也多。
Can you make a speech for our students?
您能为我们的学生演讲一次吗？
I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你犯了个大错误。
在表示“下定决心”、“拿定王意”时要用词组make up one's mind:
Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?
你已下定决心要明天早上出发了吗？
2．do vt.
与make一样，完全动词do也可以用于一些固定说法，它的含义比make要更笼统一些：
I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.
我已经尽力而为了，但我考试还是没及格。
After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.
你做完作业后可以看电视。
Would you please do me a favour?
请帮个忙好吗？
I did a few jobs about the house.
我干了点家务活。
I did a lot of work around the house.
我干了许多家务活。
Can you do any more work today?
你今天还能再干点活吗？
We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.
我们得做第10课的第2项和第3项练习。
That shop does very good business.
那家商店的生意很好。
do 还可以与动名词连用：
We did all our shopping yesterday.
我们昨天把东西都买了。
I do a lot of swimming.
我常常游泳。
I did some reading this afternoon.
今天下午我读了点书。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
1 were                    2 tries              3 will burn
4 would have to       5 lost               6 do not apologize
7 were                    8 won             9 would not be
10 could
2．难点练习答案
1 made… do  2 does… makes
3 doing…making  4 made…did
3．多项选择题答案
1 c  2 c  3 b  4 c  5 a  6 a
7 c  8 b  9 b  10 b  11b  12 d

　　课堂笔记
ask sb to do sth祈使句
next to：与......相邻sit next to me 座我旁边
the film will be on那部电影即将要上映
用虚拟语气：
1、与现在事实相反，从句使用一般过去时，主句使用would＋动词原形
if you ate more and talked less，we would both enjoy our dinner
if it rained，it would not be hot如果下雨，就不会这么热
if you help me，i will be grateful如果你帮我，我会感激你
if you helped me，i would be grateful如果你帮了我，我会感激你
key structures
special difficulties
make progress取得进步
do business做生意
do one's best
make the bed 铺床
do some shopping
make a speech
make ... mistake
make up one's mind
do one's homework
do ... a favour
do ... job
do ... work
do exercise
make ... promise
make conversation
composition
1、she not only resused to answer question but
she did not ask any question either
but...as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定
but...either只能加否定
multiple choices
5、sit down
seat一定要加宾语，如果后面没宾语，后面就用seat的被动语态
seat yourself be seated
sit 是主动，没有被动语态，后面不能加宾语
9、
glance at：扫了一眼
stare at：盯着看
stuck to：粘在...上面
look at，see，watch （看活动的），
notice：强调的是眼睛的注意，看一些别人不太注意的事情
fix one's eyes on＝stare at
i glanced at it but i didn't pick it up
glimpse of have a glimpse of：瞥了一眼
sight catch sight of看见
i can catch sight of the birds
be in sight
read：阅读（看）
read loudly，read aloud大声朗读，汉语中的读
从头来看－look at go through：浏览
12、enjoy sth：表示在后者当中得到了一种享受
sth amuse/entertain sb
enjoy 主语是人 enjoy oneself amuse,entertain后面会加人