VOA常速英语2016--利比亚难民死伤触目惊心 大量偷渡孤儿或遇童工风险

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利比亚难民死伤触目惊心 大量偷渡孤儿或遇童工风险

Some 19,000 migrants arrived in Italy in May from North Africa. More than double than previous months. More than 13,000 people were rescued in the central Mediterranean¹ region in a single week — the highest weekly total ever reported. As the numbers rise, the European Union recently opted² to extend for another year its Operation Sophia, targeting smugglers and migrant boats. "Migrants and, most importantly, smugglers are adapting to the new policy taken by Europe,” he said. “They're just adapting to the different environment, which means that basically that the problem is not receding³." Over 2,100 people have died so far this year crossing the central Mediterranean. Earlier this month, the EU revealed plans to enhance cooperation with key countries on migration⁴ routes, especially Libya. But with the country still fractured between rival administrations and militias⁵,finding an effective partner is all but impossible says Fabiani. "The Libyan coast guard will nominally⁶ cooperate with the National Unity⁷ Government and Europe on this issue. But then, effectively, what will happen is that behind closed doors, they actually strike deals with the militias handling these smuggling⁸ routes, and will turn a blind eye or will turn back some of the migrants to these militias." Amnesty International accuses the Libyan coast guard of widespread abuses against the migrants. The group interviewed dozens of people who had survived the crossing — and who described horrific treatment. "We have documented cases of shootings, abandonment, beatings by the Libyan coast guard themselves as they were rescuing people. And even more importantly, horrible cases of torture and abuse of people in the detention⁹ centers where these refugees and migrants are taken. In one case, several migrants described being abandoned at sea by the coast guard after their boat engine broke down. "What's crucial is that the European Union doesn't treat Libya as it has been treating Turkey, and pretends that Libya can somehow hold back refugees and migrants who are trying to make their way to Europe. The United Nations says over 7,000 unaccompanied children made the journey from North Africa to Italy in the first five months of the year — many of them at huge risk of exploitation. The UN estimates there are another 235,000 migrants trying to reach Europe who are currently waiting in Libya, tens of thousands of them children traveling alone. Henry Rachel, the VOA news, London.

5月份，有近1.9万北非偷渡者抵达意大利，是之前几个月数量的两倍。在短短一周的时间里，有1.3万多人在地中海中部地区被捕。这是被捕偷渡者数量最多的一周。随着移民数量的增多，最近欧盟决定将索菲亚行动再延长一年，以控制走私者和偷渡者的船只数量。偷渡者，更重要的是，走私者，已经适应了欧洲采取的新政策。他们对不同的环境兵来将挡，水来土掩，也就意味着这个问题还没有得到缓解。到目前为止，有2100多人在今年穿越地中海偷渡的过程中死去。本月初，欧洲发布了一些计划以加强和偷渡沿线上主要国家，尤其是利比亚的合作。法比亚尼称，然而随着利比亚在多个敌对势力和军队力量的撕扯中日渐分崩离析，找到一个有力的合作伙伴是不可能的。 “在这个问题上，利比亚海岸的把守军队会与民族团结政府和欧洲会联手合作。但其实接下来会发生的是，他们会关上家门，与负责走私沿线的民兵达成协议，睁一只眼闭一只眼，将偷渡者交给这些民兵处理。”国际特赦组织职责利比亚沿岸的把守四处辱骂偷渡者。

国际特赦组织采访过一些在穿越地中海后幸存下来的人，这些人都描述了曾遭遇的残忍对待。我们记录了利比亚沿岸把守的士兵在逮捕偷渡者时所进行的枪杀、遗弃、暴打等行为。更重要的是，在这些难民被关押的拘留所中，还有很多惨绝人寰的虐待辱骂行为。在其中一个案例中，一些难民船只的发动机故障后，这些士兵就把他们抛弃在茫茫大海上。关键是，欧盟对利比亚的态度与土耳其不同，欧盟总是表现出利比亚不管怎样都能凭一己之力让想要前往欧洲的难民知难而退。联合国表示，在2016年的前5个月中，有7000多没有家人照顾的儿童从北非偷渡。这些儿童很可能遭遇作为童工被剥削的危险境况。根据联合国数据的估测，还有23.5万难民现在正在利比亚等待着偷渡到欧洲，这些难民中有很多是无家可归的孤儿。亨利蕾切尔从伦敦为您发回的VOA新闻。