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英语六级语法精要:过去完成时

时间:2016-09-27 23:56:42

(单词翻译:单击)

   一般过去式和过去完成时的对比:

  (1)过去完成时:
  过去的过去;
  eg:Before I came1 to Beijing, I had2 stayed in Shanghai.
  ① 一个句子里有两个谓语动词,一个发生在前,一个发生在后,发生在前的用一般过去时,发生在后的用过去完成时;
  eg:When the police3 arrived, the thieves4 had run away.
  ② 表示意向的动词,如hope5, wish, expect6, think, intend7, mean, suppose8等,用 过去完成时表示"原本…,却未能…"
  eg:We had hoped9 that you would10 come, but you didn’t. We had thought11 that he would take part12 in the competition,but he didn’t .
  ③ 虚拟语气:
  若虚拟的现象与过去事实相反,则用过去完成时;
  eg:If you had come to my birthday party, you would have seen13 Yaoming.
  虚拟语气中可以用had+过去分词,表示对过去事实的虚拟;
  3. 一般将来时
  (1)shall14/will, shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替;
  eg:Which paragraph15 shall I read first?
  (2)be going16 to +不定式,表示将来;表示要发生的事情有了预先的计划、准备或有迹象表明要发生;
  eg:What are you going to do tomorrow?
  What will you do this afternoon?
  will表示纯粹的将来;
  (3)be +不定式:表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事;
  eg:We are to/will discuss17 the report18 next Saturday.
  (4)be about to +不定式:意为马上做某事,后面不可以接时间状语;
  eg:He is about to leave for Beijing.
  注意:
  (1)一般现在时有时也可表将来;
  eg:The train leaves19 at six tomorrow morning.
  ① 趋向性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return20的一般现在时表将来,主 要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
  eg:When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
  ② 在时间或条件句中,用一般现在时表将来;
  eg:I’ll write to you as21 soon as I arrive in Beijing.
  (2)现在进行时也可表将来:通常用于口语,翻译为打算……;
  come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等词可以用进行时表将来;

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1 came xTYyl     
v.动词come的过去式
参考例句:
  • I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里,我很惊奇。
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
2 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
3 police rOKxD     
n.警察,警察当局,治安,公安;vt.维持治安,警备,管辖
参考例句:
  • They sent him over to the police.他们将他遣送警察局。
  • It took the police only several days to break the case.警察只用了几天就破案了。
4 thieves YoYwk     
n.小偷,窃贼(复数形)
参考例句:
  • a nest of thieves 贼窝
  • The thieves took the jewels and then cleaned out. 那些贼拿了首饰,匆匆而去。
5 hope Kcwx9     
vt.希望,期望;vi.希望,期待;n.希望,期望
参考例句:
  • We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
  • Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。
6 expect tmCx7     
vt.预期,期待,料想
参考例句:
  • Don't expect me to run after you all your life.别指望我伺候你一辈子。
  • Don't expect too much of his idea.不要对他的主意期望过高。
7 intend o5Wxf     
vt.想要,打算;打算使…为;意指,意思是
参考例句:
  • How long do you intend to stay with the firm?你准备在公司干多久?
  • He did not intend paying the bill.他不打算付账。
8 suppose drDwo     
v.料想,猜测;假定,以为;(祈使句)让,设
参考例句:
  • I suppose he will be back by eight o'clock.我想他八点钟以前会回来。
  • Suppose he can't come,who will do the work?如果他不能前来,谁来做这项工作呢?
9 hoped a49e6abbf781049044a6e8b55118c6f8     
v.希望,期望( hope的过去式和过去分词 );[俚语]相信,认为;希望,盼望,期待
参考例句:
  • He hoped they would not feel affronted if they were not invited . 他希望如果他们没有获得邀请也不要感到受辱。
  • They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime. 他们希望寻求公众协助破案。
10 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
11 thought 1oMwg     
n.想法,思想,思维,思潮,关心,挂念;v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • It was just a thought.这仅仅是一个想法。
  • She thought he had a cold.她认为他感冒了。
12 part m45zX     
n.部份,零件;角色,部位;vt.分开,分离,分配;vi.分离,离开;adv.部份地;adj.分离的
参考例句:
  • This is the broken part.这就是损坏的部件。
  • Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色?
13 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句:
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
14 shall lzFwQ     
v.aux.(主要用于第一人称)将
参考例句:
  • I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
  • Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团?
15 paragraph yKsxW     
n.段落,短评;vt.将…分段,分段落;vi.写短评
参考例句:
  • Each paragraph begins on a new line.每段都另起一行。
  • There's a paragraph on the matter in the paper.报纸对这件事有一短篇报道。
16 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
17 discuss 9Pkzk     
v.讨论,议论
参考例句:
  • Let's discuss it another day.咱们改日再议吧!
  • College students always discuss the news.大学生经常讨论新闻。
18 report iVhxP     
n.报告,汇报;传说,传阅;v.报告,报到
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon.今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • I shall report to you.我将向你汇报。
19 leaves b1xxm     
n.树叶,花瓣; leaf 的复数; leave 的单数第三人称现在式
参考例句:
  • The walk was covered with leaves.这人行道上满是树叶。
  • Will you check on the time the train leaves?请你核对一下火车开出的时间好吗?
20 return mDvyr     
vi.返回,回来;送还;回复,恢复;vt.归还,送还;n.返回,归来;偿还,归还;回复
参考例句:
  • I'll return at 10 this evening.我今晚十点回来。
  • I often return in dreams to my hometown.我常常在梦中回到我的故乡。
21 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。