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英语六级语法精要:句子成分(1)

时间:2016-09-27 23:59:07

(单词翻译:单击)

   句子六大成分:主谓宾、定状表。

  主语、宾语和表语:通常由代词或者名词构成,
  定语:修饰名词; 状语:修饰形容词或者动词;
  表语:接在系动词后面;
  (一).代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
  1人称代词:第一、二、三人称,主格、宾格、所有格;
  I,you ,he,she, it, me, you, him, her, it, my, your, his, her, its.
  2 物主代词
  ①形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, their,后面加名词;
  ②名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs,后面不能加名词。
  eg: May I borrow your pen?
  Mine is missing1.
  3反身代词:通过反身代词指代主语,使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。
  eg:I myself took Mary to the airport. I cooked it myself.
  4. 指示代词:this, that, these, those
  5. 不定代词:some,someone,something,any,anyone,anything,no,no one,n othing,all,both,neither,either,each,every,everybody,everyone,e verything.
  一些比较重要的不定代词之间的区别:
  (1)all, each, every:
  ① all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物;all可以表示所有东西的总和,是一个不可分割的整体; each只能表示两个或两个以上的人,侧重个体;
  ② all和every侧重整体,each侧重个体;
  eg:Every staff of the university contributed2 to the fund3.
  Two girls came, and I gave an apple to each.
  (2)everyone&every one
  everyone等同于everybody,all people ,指的是所有的人;
  eg:Everyone thinks they have the right to be here.
  every one既可以指人,也可以指物,强调一个个体,通常用every one of ;
  eg:Every one of us has faults and shortcomings.
  Every one of the films we have shown this year has been a success.
  (3)no one&none
  no one 只能指人,none既可以指人,也可以指物,none后面还可以接of;
  eg:No one failed the examination4.
  None of the students failed the examination.
  6. it 的用法
  (1)指代人,通常用于口语中;
  (2)书面语:
  ① it 用来指代时间、距离、温度、天气等
  eg:It’s three years since I saw him.
  ② it 用来前指或者后指
  eg:I’ve lost my book. Where is it?
  There is no doubt about it that he was a fine teacher.
  ③ it 做形式主语
  eg:Is it possible to learn typewriting very quickly?
  ④ it 做形式宾语,通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语(形容词)之间,真正的宾语放在宾补之后
  常见动词有:feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard
  eg:She thinks it no use telling me.
  He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan.
  ⑤ it 用于强调句,构成句型It’s…that/who…
  如何区分强调句中的it和形式主语中的it?
  eg:It’s clear that they have won.
  如果It’s和that去掉后,剩下的部分依然能构成完整的句子,就是强调句;否则,即为形式主语。

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1 missing 3nTzx7     
adj.遗失的,缺少的,失踪的
参考例句:
  • Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具,看有无丢失。
  • All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了,就短他一个。
2 contributed 2b4573630dade54ab7b18116b080c446     
捐献( contribute的过去式和过去分词 ); 捐助; 撰稿; 投稿
参考例句:
  • Before closing I want to mention all those who contributed so generously. 在我结束讲话的时候,我想提一下所有慷慨捐赠的人。
  • His research has contributed enormously to our understanding of this disease. 他的研究对我们认识这一疾病贡献很大。
3 fund vhUx8     
n.基金,资金,存款,财源,贮藏;vt.提供资金,积累
参考例句:
  • They decided to set up a fund for this purpose.他们决定为此专立一项基金。
  • This fund may not be drawn on without permission.这笔钱非经批准不得动用。
4 examination pn6xJ     
n.考试,考查,试题;检查,调查
参考例句:
  • Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
  • He put up a good show in the final examination.他在期末考试中表现得不错。