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大学英语六级考试虚拟语气讲解(3)

时间:2016-09-28 00:02:24

(单词翻译:单击)

   名词性从句中的虚拟语气

  第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气
  一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
  在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
  一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):
  从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was1),实义动词用过去式。例:< /p>
  1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
  2. I wish it were spring in my hometown2 all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
  3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)
  4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)
  5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood3 Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
  现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)
  6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
  二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):
  用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would4, could5, might6+现在完成时。例:
  1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn’t wasted8 so much time.
  我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
  2. He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance9.
  他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
  3. We wished he had7 spoken10 to us.
  (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
  4. I wish you had called earlier.
  (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)
  5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
  (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
  例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
  A. could have slept   B. slept  C. might have slept   D. have slept
  动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即 用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had
  to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案
  三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):
  从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用 wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例:
  1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
  我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
  2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
  我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
  3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
  你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
  4. I wish she would change her mind11.(would + change)
  我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)
  5. He will wish we would join him the following12 week.(would + join)
  (只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起)
  四)、注意:
  1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如:
  I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.
  我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
  2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
  I wish he would answer my letter.
  I wish prices13 would come down.

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1 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
2 hometown prdzV7     
n.故乡;家乡
参考例句:
  • Australia is the hometown of kangaroos.澳大利亚是袋鼠的故乡。
  • My hometown is 100 miles away from here.我的家乡离这里有一百英里路。
3 understood dkCwn     
vbl.understand的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He is understood to be a man of ability.他被认为是一个有能力的人。
  • It is understood that hard work can bring success.不言而喻,艰苦的工作可带来成功。
4 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
5 could lzvxe     
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
参考例句:
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
6 might BDmxl     
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能;可以,允许
参考例句:
  • It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
  • Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗?
7 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
8 wasted wasted     
adj.(常指因病而)憔悴的,疲惫不堪;徒劳的;无用的
参考例句:
  • The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money. 那项工程耗费了相当多的时间和资金。
  • We had a wasted trip—they weren't in. 我们白跑了一趟,他们不在。
9 chance fXEzh     
n.机会,意外;运气;风险;vi.偶然发生;vt.偶然发生,冒险
参考例句:
  • We will take a chance to have the party outdoor.我们将冒险举行露天聚会。
  • This is the last chance any of us has.对于我们中的任何人来说,这是最后的一次机会。
10 spoken QhjzoD     
adj.口语的;口说的;口头的
参考例句:
  • His spoken English is very good.他的英语口语非常好。
  • We'll hold a talk on how to improve our spoken English.我们将要举行一次关于如何提高我们的英语口语的会谈。
11 mind DDjxa     
n.思想,主意,心意;v.介意,照顾,留心
参考例句:
  • I've changed my mind.我一经转变主意。
  • You really don't mind?你真的不介意?
12 following JsSznr     
n.下列各项,部下,党羽;aaj.下列的,其次的;vbl.跟随
参考例句:
  • The following is the full text.全文如下。
  • Answer the following questions.回答下列问题。
13 prices afae32efe0f84fece3f96b377b768b33     
n.价格,价钱( price的名词复数 );代价;行市
参考例句:
  • Prices did not alter significantly during 2004. 2004年期间,价格没有大的变化。
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。