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英语四级语法之情态动词

时间:2016-09-28 21:37:51

(单词翻译:单击)

   四级语法不知道怎么备考?先从常见的情态动词来了解,用好这些词可以减轻句子的程度,还可以在翻译或者四级作文的备考中起到作用,下面跟小编一起学习英语语法吧!

  情态动词属于非实意动词,它虽具有一定的词义,但这种词义并不完整,语法上也不能单独构成谓语,它必须和另一个实
  情态动词属于非实意动词,它虽具有一定的词义,但这种词义并不完整,语法上也不能单独构成谓语,它必须和另一个实意动词一起构成谓语才能表达完整的意思。情态动词是一类非常活跃的非实意动词,归纳起来,情态动词在句子中主要有三种用法:
  1.情态动词的非推测性用法
  其用法是用来表示能力、许可、必要、义务、命令、劝告、询问、需要、应该、敢于等概念或态度,这类情态动词有:can(could),may(might),shall(should),will(would),must,
  oughtto,need,dare1等,例如:
  Children,you can eat something you like.
  Everybody must pay the fare,but you need not do so right away.
  How dare you come out without your parents’permission?
  I would rather stay at home than go with you.
  Ought not parents to give their child more care?
  You are not so young;you should not do such silly things any more.
  疑问句中的情态动词和答语中的情态动词有固定的搭配形式。例如:
  -Could I borrow your bike for a while?
  -Yes,you can.(-Yes,please.)
  -No,you can not.
  -May I discuss something on practicing spoken English with you now?
  -Yes,you may.(-Yes,of course.)
  -No,you mustn’t.
  -Need everyone fill in this application form immediately?
  -Yes,everyone must.(Yes,everyone do.)
  -No,they needn’t.
  -Must we hand out emergency rations2 to these famine3 refugees4 this instant5
  -Yes,you must.
  -No,you they needn’t.
  -No,you don’t have to.
  2.情态动词的推测性用法
  人们常常会对客观事物做出自己的判断,当情态动词用来表示说话人对事物的推测、判断时,就具有情态动词的推测性用法。可以用作推测的情态动词有can,could,may,might,must,ought to, should,will和would。它们做出可能性的推测、判断、预料的程度是不同的,might最弱、最没有把握,而must最强、把握最大。例如:
  It’s nine o’clock.My friend couldn’t come to see me.
  This boy must fail in exam from his sad face.
  It’s five past eight.There ought to be many students waiting for the door opening.
  She should be a clerk in foreign company according6 to her formal dress.
  He may not be fine in these days.
  They were ready for a strong earthquake which might occur7
  有时,情态动词用不同的动词时态来推测表达对不同时间的事物的推测,例如:
  My friend may be still sleeping at home now.(对现在说话时正在发生的事物的推测)
  Can we be working at the same company next year?(对将来的推测)
  His clothes is wet.He must have forgotten to bring the umbrella.(对已经完成的情况的推测)
  3.情态动词用于虚拟语气
  A:提出一个假设的条件,纯粹的展望或提出命令、要求。有部分情态动词的过去时态常用于这种用法。
  例如:Wish I might be better soon.
  Should my friend come,ask him to wait in the reading-room.
  May you be healthy forever.
  If you dared8 to say such words to me,I would give up making friends with you.
  B:比较委婉地陈述看法,提出要求和建议,谓语动词通常是情态动词的过去时态。例如:
  It would not be useful to adopt such suggestion.
  Could you leave the message with me?
  C:情态动词加动词的完成时态用来表示对过去情形的虚拟,这种设想或看法同过去的事实是相反 的,表示"本应该做",而实际上没做。例如:
  We ought to have been here early.
  This is something you shouldn’t have done.
  Need you have nosed about in her affair?It was none of your business.

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1 dare qybxH     
n.敢,挑战;aux.敢;vi.敢;vt.敢于,勇于面对
参考例句:
  • He didn't dare to look at her in the face.他不敢正眼看她。
  • How dare you?Take your hand off me at once.放肆!马上把你的手挪开。
2 rations c925feb39d4cfbdc2c877c3b6085488e     
定量( ration的名词复数 ); 配给量; 正常量; 合理的量
参考例句:
  • They are provisioned with seven days' rations. 他们得到了7天的给养。
  • The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。
3 famine Ezjyi     
n.饥荒;严重的缺乏
参考例句:
  • We're collecting for the famine victims.我们正在为遭受饥荒的灾民募款。
  • Famine stared us in the face.饥荒迫在眉睫。
4 refugees ddb3b28098e40c0f584eafcd38f1fbd4     
n.避难者,难民( refugee的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The UN has begun making airdrops of food to refugees. 联合国已开始向难民空投食物。
  • They claimed they were political refugees and not economic migrants. 他们宣称自己是政治难民,不是经济移民。
5 instant V6XxM     
adj.紧迫的;立即的;本月的;已配制好的时刻;瞬息,霎时
参考例句:
  • If you don't leave this instant,I will scream.你要是不马上离开,我就喊了。
  • It all happened in an instant.这一切都发生在一刹那间。
6 according YzQztq     
adj.按照,根据
参考例句:
  • According to the Bible we are all the seed of Adam.根据《圣经》所说的,我们都是亚当的后裔。
  • We must cut our coat according to our cloth this year.今年我们必须学会量入为出。
7 occur KI6xl     
vi.发生,想到,存在
参考例句:
  • Didn't it occur to you to close the window?难道你没有想到去关窗户吗?
  • I hope this won't occur again.我希望不要再发生这种事情。
8 dared 911cd3dc5fab92f39395e0b8472ced59     
v.敢( dare的过去式和过去分词 );敢做;激(某人做某事);问(某人)有没有胆量(做某事)
参考例句:
  • She said it as loudly as she dared. 她壮着胆子大声说了出来。
  • I wouldn't have dared to defy my teachers. 我可不敢不听老师的话。