在线英语听力室

英语四级语法之句子成分

时间:2016-09-28 21:43:10

(单词翻译:单击)

   很多人说没基础怎么学好英语,你需要积累的是词汇,你需要搞明白的就是语法,语法可以让你知道你背过的单词应该放在什么位置,帮你把单词串起来,下面就跟小编一起学习语法吧!

  句子六大成分:主谓宾、定状表
  主语、宾语和表语:通常由代词或者名词构成;定语:修饰名词;状语:修饰形容词或者动词; 表语:接在系动词后面;
  (一).代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
  1人称代词:第一、二、三人称,主格、宾格、所有格;
  I,you ,he,she, it, me, you, him, her, it, my, your, his, her, its.
  2 物主代词
  ①形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, their,后面加名词;
  ②名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs,后面不能加名词。
  eg: May I borrow your pen?
  Mine is missing1.
  3反身代词:通过反身代词指代主语,使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。
  eg:I myself took Mary to the airport.
  I cooked it myself.
  4. 指示代词:this, that, these, those
  5. 不定代词:some,someone,something,any,anyone,anything,no,no one,nothing,all,both,neither,either,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything.
  一些比较重要的不定代词之间的区别:
  (1)all, each, every:
  ① all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物;all可以表示所有东西的总和,是一个不可分割的整体; each只能表示两个或两个以上的人,侧重个体;
  ② all和every侧重整体,each侧重个体;
  eg:Every staff of the university contributed to the fund2.
  Two girls came, and I gave an apple to each.
  (2)everyone&every one
  everyone等同于everybody,all people ,指的是所有的人;
  eg:Everyone thinks they have the right to be here.
  every one既可以指人,也可以指物,强调一个个体,通常用every one of ;
  eg:Every one of us has faults and shortcomings.
  Every one of the films we have shown this year has been a succes.
  (3)no one&none
  no one 只能指人,none既可以指人,也可以指物,none后面还可以接of;
  eg:No one failed the examination3.
  None of the students failed the examination.
  6. it 的用法
  (1)指代人,通常用于口语中;
  (2)书面语:
  ① it 用来指代时间、距离、温度、天气等
  eg:It’s three years since I saw him.
  ② it 用来前指或者后指
  eg:I’ve lost my book. Where is it?
  There is no doubt about it that he was a fine teacher.
  ③ it 做形式主语
  eg:Is it possible to learn typewriting very quickly?
  ④ it 做形式宾语,通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语(形容词)之间,真正的宾语放在宾补之后
  常见动词有:feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard
  eg:She thinks it no use telling me.
  He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan.
  ⑤ it 用于强调句,构成句型It’s…that/who…
  如何区分强调句中的it和形式主语中的it?
  eg:It’s clear that they have won.
  如果It’s和that去掉后,剩下的部分依然能构成完整的句子,就是强调句;否则,即为形式主语。
  (二)名词
  1. 可数名词
  有单复数之分,若名词为单数,通常前面要加冠词a/an、the进行限定;若名词为复数,可以加上the,或者直接用复数名词,或者加上数词来进行限定。
  名词的复数形式可以直接加s/es,以y 结尾的,变y 为i ,再加es,还有一些特殊形式的。
  有些单数名词的形式,是集合名词,可以用作复数,如police,cattle,people,mankind等;
  eg:Several hundreds police were on duty at the demonstration4 yesterday.
  Cattle are allowed to graze5 on the village common.
  不可数名词:通常是物质名词或者抽象名词
  2. 不可数名词:通常是物质名词或者抽象名词,其前可以不加任何东西,若有特指,可以加the.
  前面可以加上单位词,进行分类:
  常见单位词:
  ①a piece of +advice/bread/cloth/fortune/information/music/muse
  ②a bit of、an item of、an article of
  3. 名词在翻译中遇到的问题:
  (1)不可数名词和可数名词间的转换形式:
  eg:water&waters(水域、海洋),sand&sands(沙滩),wood&woods(树林),goods(商品),ash和ashes(废墟)
  (2)名词表示特指时,可以加冠词
  ①不定冠词:a/an,通常表示一,但是不强调数目,翻译时注意;
  eg:Germany is a European country.
  ②定冠词:表示特定或特指
  eg:Is this the book that you are looking for?
  定冠词还可以使用于一些比较独特的语言现象:如指代地球或宇宙这种独一无二的事物
  the+名词:表示全部或者整体
  eg:Do you know who invented the computer?
  用于乐器或专有名词前,如play the piano、the Thames
  一点点来,慢慢积累,进步看得见。一起加油啦!

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1 missing 3nTzx7     
adj.遗失的,缺少的,失踪的
参考例句:
  • Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具,看有无丢失。
  • All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了,就短他一个。
2 fund vhUx8     
n.基金,资金,存款,财源,贮藏;vt.提供资金,积累
参考例句:
  • They decided to set up a fund for this purpose.他们决定为此专立一项基金。
  • This fund may not be drawn on without permission.这笔钱非经批准不得动用。
3 examination pn6xJ     
n.考试,考查,试题;检查,调查
参考例句:
  • Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
  • He put up a good show in the final examination.他在期末考试中表现得不错。
4 demonstration 9waxo     
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
参考例句:
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
5 graze 46DyU     
v.(牲畜)吃草;放牧;擦过(牲畜);n.擦伤
参考例句:
  • There is good grassland here for your cattle and horses to graze on.这里有很好的草地供你们放牧牛马。
  • Nothing serious.Just a graze.没关系,就破了一点皮。