阅读方法：如何进行快速阅读？

　　怎样提高阅读速度

　　Speed reading is one of many skills that can improve your reading comprehension and shorten your study time. Many scholars consider speed reading to be the same as skimming, pointing out that you cannot speed read a text and expect the same amount of comprehension that you would get if you read it at a normal pace. However, skimming is a helpful tool in pre-reading and in reviewing texts, as well as in quickly gathering¹ targeted information.

　　在众多阅读方法中，快速阅读能有效地提高你对阅读的理解，同时缩短你的学习时间。许多学者把快速阅读等同于快速浏览，并指出你不能在快速阅读的同时期待达到和正常速度阅读一样的阅读质量。然而，快速浏览在做阅读准备、回顾文章内容，和快速整理阅读信息时，时非常有效的阅读方法。

　　Method 1: Improving Your Speed Reading Techniques

　　方法一: 提高你的快速阅读技巧

　　1.Look at groups of words, not single words. If you read a text one word at a time, then this will slow your reading speed way down. However, if you can get into the habit of reading groups or chunks³ of words at one time, then you can read much faster.

　　学会看词组，而不是单个的词汇。如果你一个字一个字地阅读文章，这会大大降低你的阅读速度。然而，如果你可以养成阅读词组或一次性阅读大量词汇的习惯，你就读得比以前快很多了。

　　Start by trying to look at a group of three or four words at once, then work up to looking at an entire line of words.

　　从一次性看三到四个词汇开始，然后尝试看一整行的单词。

　　Focus on words that give the sentence meaning, such as the nouns and verbs and pay less attention to the filler words, such as “A, the, and, etc.”

　　重点关注那些赋予句子含义的词汇，比如名词和动词，并少关注“填充词汇”，比如“a, the, and”。

　　To see the biggest improvement in your speed reading skills, combine this technique with other speed reading techniques.

　　找到让你进步最大的快速阅读方法，并与其它快速阅读技巧结合起来使用。

　　2.Read with your hands. Use your finger to push yourself through the page. As you read, move your hand left to right under the text as if underlining it. Move your hand at the speed which you would like to read. You may start by moving at a slightly faster pace than your ordinary reading, and speed up on subsequent readings.

　　用你的手来阅读。用你的手指来推动阅读进程。在阅读过程中，你可以像给文本划下划线一样从左向右并用你想要的阅读速度来移动你的手指。你可以尝试用比你的正常阅读速度更快一点的速度来移动手指，从而加快你阅读后面内容的速度。

　　While it used to be claimed that this use of the hand or finger "guided" the eye, it now appears that the finger sets the pace of reading rather than guiding its path. This is because it is difficult to pace the movements of your eyes, but easy to pace the movements of your hands.

　　虽然这种方法以前被认为是用手指来指引眼睛的移动，但它现在更倾向于被认为是控制阅读速度的方法，而非控制阅读的路径。这是因为控制眼睛的移动非常困难，但控制手指的移动非常简单。

　　You can also use a pen or other object to pace yourself.

　　你也可以用一支笔或其他物品去调整你的阅读速度。

　　3.Scan for keywords. Scanning is a highly effective way of extracting answers from a text without really reading it. If you know exactly what you are looking for—a name, a date, a statistic⁴, or a specific word—you can find it quickly by skipping over large chunks of the text. To scan, first visualize⁵ the word, number, or phrase you would like to find. Then, run your eyes rapidly over the text. The information you are looking for should pop out at you.

　　扫描关键词。扫描是一种非常高效的使你不用仔细阅读就能提取文章重要信息的方法。如果你确定你在寻找什么内容- 一个名字，一个日期，一个数据，或者一个明确的单词- 你可以跳过大量文本而快速找到它。你需要首先设想好那个你想要找的单词、数字，或短语，然后用你的眼睛快速搜索文本中的关键词。这样，你想找的信息会很快出现在你眼前。

　　Try scanning with your hands or a pen, preferably a blue or black pen. Experiment with shapes to see which gets you the quickest results.

　　尝试用你的手或一支笔来扫描信息，最好是一支蓝色或黑色的笔。做一个小实验，看哪个能让你得到最快的结果。

　　4.Chunk² the material. One of the reasons you read slowly is that you have to pause sometimes to understand what a passage is saying. You might also have to go back and reread things you have already read. To improve your speed reading, try to pause for reflection only at the end of a reading session (i.e. after about 15 to 20 minutes) or after finishing a section, such as chapter.

　　把阅读材料分成大块。导致阅读速度慢的原因之一是你有时需要停下来理解这段话在讲些什么。你可能还需要回顾你已经读过的内容，去理解和消化它所表达的含义。为了快速阅读，你可以尝试只在每一个阅读阶段结束时停下来，进行十五到二十分钟的反思和回顾，或者在每个阅读部分或章节结束的时候停下来思考。

　　To check for comprehension at the end of every speed reading session, write down keywords, or just summarize what you read in a few sentences or by explaining it to someone. This will help you keep to improve your comprehension, and it will also help you to retain information better.

　　在每个快速阅读阶段结束后确认自己是否理解阅读内容，你可以写下这段阅读的关键词，用几句话总结这段阅读材料，或者尝试向别人解释这段阅读内容。这样做会帮助你的理解阅读，也会帮助你更好地保留阅读信息。

　　Method 2: Trying the SQR3 method

　　方法二：尝试SQR3方法

　　1.Survey the text. Before you read, read all titles, chapter and section headings, subheadings, and any charts, graphs, diagrams, questions, and summaries you can find.

　　调查阅读文本。在你阅读之前，读一遍文章的题目，章节和每个部分的标题、副标题，任何表格、图表、图表、问题，和你可以找到的所有总结。

　　If you are reading a text without these things, you might consider reading the first and last sentence of every paragraph or chapter to get an idea of the material the text is covering.

　　如果你读的阅读文本没有上述这些内容，你可以考虑读每段的第一句和最后一句话，从而得知这篇文章主要在讲些什么。

　　2.Write questions. Write down any questions you hope your reading will answer. You will comprehend more if you go into the text knowing what you want to learn. If you are not sure what you want to learn, go through and turn every chapter heading, section title, etc. into a question. Try to guess what the text will teach you: ask yourself the question you think the text might answer.

　　写下你的问题。写下任何你想从文中找到答案的问题。如果你知道你想从文中得到什么，你在阅读的时候会理解得更多。如果你不确定自己想从阅读中学到些什么，浏览一遍文本，然后把每个章节的抬头、每个阅读部分的标题等都转化成一个问题。猜一猜这篇阅读会教给你什么：问你自己一些你觉得这篇阅读会回答你的问题。

　　If you like, add further questions while you read.

　　如果你喜欢，在阅读过程中增添一些你想问的问题。

　　3.Recite the answers. Now that you've read, you should be able to answer the questions you asked yourself. Answer all the questions you have read. You do not have to write them down (unless that is your assignment), just recite them aloud.

　　背诵文章里的答案。现在你已经阅读了文章，你应该可以回答你之前提出的问题了。回答所有问题，不用把答案写下来，只要大声地背诵答案就好。

　　If you are pausing after each section, make sure you can recite the answer to that section before you move on to the next. If you cannot, go back and skim it again.

　　如果你在每个阅读部分停下来，你需要在阅读下一个部分之前确保你可以背诵这一部分的答案。如果不能，你需要回顾这部分内容。

　　If you feel you made an error in the framing of one of your questions, reframe it so that you can answer it.

　　如果你觉得你在构思问题的时候犯了错误，重新提一个你可以回答的问题。

　　Method 3: Setting Yourself Up for Success

　　方法三：为成功做好准备

　　1.Expand your vocabulary. Running into words you don't know is one of the great bogs⁶ of speed reading. You're likely to get stuck on words with meanings you don't know, and likely to miss key information. To expand your vocabulary, read more. When you don't know a word, look it up.

　　扩充你的词汇量。碰到不认识的单词是快速阅读的障碍之一。你可能会因为不知道单词的意思而错过文章的重要信息。你需要更多的阅读来扩充你的词汇量，如果遇到不认识的单词，你需要查字典。

　　If you are reading a certain genre⁷ of text, such as a medical textbook, it will help to study basic medicaljargon before you start reading.

　　如果你在阅读一篇题材特殊的文章，比如医学课本，在开始阅读之前了解一些基本的医学用语会帮助你理解文本。

　　Reading broadly in the fields that interest you will expand your vocabulary.

　　在你感兴趣的领域进行大量的阅读会帮助你扩充词汇量。

　　2.Take notes. If comprehension is your goal, then processing what you just wrote is your best tool. After you've completed your speed reading of a text, take some time to reflect on it. Write down key ideas, discuss them with a friend, or just free-write about your impressions.

　　记笔记。如果理解文章是你的目标，审阅你在阅读过程中记下的笔记会是一种有效的理解文本的方法。在快速阅读一篇文章之后，你需要一些时间去思考这篇文章的内容。

　　Don't make marks or highlight the text—this will interfere⁸ with your speed reading, and it may distract you from the information you are trying to absorb.

　　不要在文本中标记或加高亮- 这会影响你的快速阅读，使你从你试图汲取的信息中分心。

分享到：