英语应用文写作之自传

　　自传的写作（ The Writing of Autobiography¹）

　　自传的写法可与简历大体内容对应，但应当用完整的句子来表达经历、学历、个人特点等方面的内容。

　　例1： Lincoln’s Autobiography

　　Lincoln’s Autobiography

　　I was born February 12, 1809, in Hardin Country, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished families—second families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was from a family named Hanks, some of whom now reside in Adams County, and others in Macon County, Illinois. My paternal² grandfather, Abraham Lincoln, emigrated, about 1781 or 1782, from Virginia to Kentucky, where he was killed by the Indians a year or two later, not in battle but when he was laboring³ to open a farm in the forest.

　　My father, at the death of his father, was six years old, and he grew up literally⁴ without education. He moved from Kentucky to Indiana when I was seven. We reached our new home about the time the state came into the Union. It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. I grew up there. There were so-called schools, but no other qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond “reading, writing and adding”. If a stranger supposed to understand Latin happened to reside for a time in the neighborhood, he was looked on as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Of course, when I came of age, I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write, and add, but that was all. The little advance I have now made upon this store of education, I have picked up under the pressure of necessity.

　　I was raised to do farm work, which I continued until I was twenty-one. At twenty-two, I came to Illinois. I remained in New Salem, Illinois, for a year as a clerk in a store. Then the Black Hawk⁵ War came. I was elected a captain of volunteers, a success which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went into the campaign, ran for the legislature the same year (1832), and was defeated, the only time that I have been rejected by the people. In the next and the three succeeding biennial⁶ elections I was elected to the legislature. I was not a candidate afterward⁷. During that legislative⁸ period, I studied law and moved to Springfield to practice it. In 1846 I was elected to the lower house of Congress. I was not a candidate for reelection. From 1849 to 1854 I practiced law more assiduously than ever before. I was losing interest in politics when the repeal⁹ of the Missouri Comprises aroused me again. What I have done since then is pretty well-known.

　　If any personal description of me is thought desirable, it may be said that I am nearly six feet four inches in height; lean in flesh, weighing one hundred and eighty pounds on the average, I have a dark complexion¹⁰, with coarse black hair and gray eyes. I have no other marks or brands.

　　1.文章分析：从林肯自传不难看出，第一段叙述了家庭背景，第二段是林肯所受过的教育，第三段集中在他的工作经历上，最后一段则是有关林肯的一些个人资料，如身高、体重、外貌等特征。这与写简历时的顺序大体相符。

　　2. Lincoln 林肯（Abraham,1809-1865, 美国第十六任总统，任期1860-1865，以解放黑奴著称于世。）

　　3．In 1863，President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation¹¹ Proclamation(解放黑奴宣言) freeing all slaves in the United States. (College English Book Five Unit Ten P.230)

　　4. 学位的简称（Degree’s Abbreviation）如：

　　B.A. or BA (Bachelor of Arts) 文学士

　　B.S. or BS (Bachelor of Science) 理学士

　　B.M. or BM (Bachelor of Medicine) 医学士

　　M.A. or MA (Master of Arts) 文科硕士

　　M.S. or MS (Master of Science) 理科硕士

　　M.M. or MM (Master of Medicine) 医科硕士

　　M.B.A. or MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士

　　Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) 哲学博士

　　D.S. or DS (Doctor of Science) 理学博士

　　M.D. or MD or DM (Doctor of Medicine) 医学博士

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