雅思词汇:冬奥会的冰雪项目

　　冬天来临，北方好多地方都开启了大雪模式，和小编一起来盘点冬奥会的冰雪项目吧!

　　冰上项目5个大项：

　　速度滑冰 Speed skating

　　【Speed skating】 is a competitive¹ form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating. In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just "speed skating", while short-track speed skating is known as "short track". The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as "speed skating" and short track as "short track skating".

　　短道速滑 Short Track

　　【Short track】 speed skating is only about 100 years old and a product of North America. Speed skating, however, dates back to 13th century Holland.

　　Short track speed skating originated² in Canada and the United States in 1905 with the first known competition having taken place in 1909. By the 1920s and 30s, the sport was gaining popularity³ in Great Britain, Japan, France, Belgium and Australia.

　　While short track speed skating became part of the International Skating Union (ISU) in 1967, it wasn't until 1976 that official ISU competitions began.

　　花样滑冰 Figure Skating

　　【Figure skating】 is a sport and activity in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908. The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized⁴ skating and four skating. From intermediate⁵ through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals⁶, and other elements or moves.

　　冰球 Ice Hockey

　　【Ice hockey】 is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of four lines of three forwards, three pairs of defensemen, and two goaltenders. Normally, each team has five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.

　　冰壶 Curling

　　【Curling】 is a sport in which players slide stones on a sheet of ice towards a target area which is segmented into four concentric circles. It is related to bowls, boules and shuffleboard. Two teams, each with four players, take turns sliding heavy, polished granite⁷ stones, also called rocks, across the ice curling sheet towards the house, a circular target marked on the ice. Each team has eight stones. The purpose is to accumulate the highest score for a game; points are scored for the stones resting closest to the centre of the house at the conclusion of each end, which is completed when both teams have thrown all of their stones. A game usually consists of eight or ten ends.

　　雪上项目10个大项：

　　冬季两项 Biathlon

　　越野滑雪 Cross Country

　　高山滑雪 Alphine Skiing

　　北欧两项 Nordic Combined

　　跳台滑雪 Ski Jumping

　　自由式滑雪 Freestyle Skiing

　　单板滑雪 Snowboarding

　　有舵雪橇 Bobsled*

　　俯式冰橇 Skeleton**

　　无舵雪橇 Luge

　　* 有舵雪橇，也有的翻译成“雪车”

　　** 俯式冰橇，也有的翻译成“钢架雪车”

　　速降 downhill

　　以上是冬奥会重点冰雪项目中英文名称，在雅思考试中会有涉及哦

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