VOA慢速英语2017--Teaching American Students About US Founding Documents

（单词翻译）

Should American high school students know at least as much about their country’s historic documents as immigrants seeking citizenship¹? Many states and schools are asking that question.

People who want to become American citizens must know about the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the Federalist papers. These documents were written in the late 1700s by some of the founders² of the country.

But, some experts say American students generally know little about these founding documents. They say if students do not understand the documents, they cannot know how the American system of government operates.

So, an increasing number of American schools are requiring students learn about these documents before they can graduate. Individual states are using different methods for teaching the subject.

Since 2012, Kentucky, Arkansas and at least 12 other states put into effect such requirements. Students in those states learn about the founding documents as part of their social studies classes.

But lawmakers in other states -- including Minnesota -- want to give students a greater understanding of the documents. They want schools to teach a separate course about them.

Maida Buckley is a retired³ history and government teacher in Fairbanks, Alaska. Last year, she spoke⁴ at a meeting of state legislators studying the issue of civics education. She supports expanded study of the founding documents.

Buckley says, “when you have a system of government that is based on ideas -- espoused⁶ in the Declaration of Independence and carried out with a working document in the Constitution -- those ideas need to be taught.”

In many states, Republicans and Democrats⁸ support the teaching of the documents, although their reasons may differ. Some are concerned about the lack of public involvement in school boards and town halls. Others are worried about the way Republican President Donald Trump⁹ and his supporters use their power.

Gregg Amore is a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives. He also has taught history classes in high schools for many years. He supports a bill that says the “survival of the republic” depends on Americans understanding their country’s principles and history.

He says “we clearly have seen there is a serious civics deficiency in this country, all the way up to the top -- the very top.”

The Joe Foss Institute is a non-profit civics education group based in Arizona. It is campaigning to persuade states to pass laws requiring their students to know the answers to the questions on the citizenship test.

But some supporters of civics education do not support such laws.

Charles Quigley is the executive director of the Center for Civic⁵ Education. He says students take too many tests already.

Quigley’s group developed “We the People,” a nationwide civics education program. Some teachers at North Smithfield High School in Rhode Island are using the “We the People” curriculum to teach about the founding documents. The curriculum calls for students to take part in a national competition in which they must defend their ideas.

Recently, students debated whether police may search a suspect’s smart phone without receiving permission from a judge. They talked about the Constitution’s limits on searches. And they discussed the past opinions of Supreme¹⁰ Court justices about searches.

Natalie O’Brien is the teacher. She tells her students to think about the more than 200 years of American history and legal thought.

Megan Skinner is a 15-year-old student at the school. She says she did not think about politics before she took O’Brien’s class. But she says now she uses the founding documents when her family and friends talk about President Trump’s administration.

“It gives us an entirely¹¹ new perspective on all the events that are going on,” Skinner says. “You see all these things in the news, and especially about the election, and all the things that are going on with the executive orders he (signed), the travel bans. Before this class, we wouldn’t have understood these things.”

I’m Caty Weaver¹².

Words in This Story

civics – n. a social science dealing¹³ with the rights and duties of citizens

espouse⁷ – v. to take up and support as a cause

republic – n. a form of government with a chief of state who has term limits

principle – n. a rule, policy or value

deficiency – n. the state of lacking some necessary quality

perspective – n. the ability to understand what is important; the direction in which someone looks at an object