在线英语听力室

托福语法点拨:介宾短语

时间:2017-04-18 04:23:03

(单词翻译:单击)

   介宾短语

  介词不能单独使用,而必须和其他词连用,这些词称作介词的宾语,它们共同构成的介宾短语常在句中作状语,作名词的后置定语,有时作某些动词的宾语补足语
  考点一 名词作介词宾语
  大部分介词的宾语都是由名词(包括代词)充当的,如:under the tree, during the day, 这一考点在题中多次出现
  例题:
  (1)
  The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.
  (A) more accurate than sundials
  (B) more accurate sundials
  (C) sundials more accurately1
  (D) more accurately than sundials
  答案:B
  解释:search for缺少宾语, 只有B是表达无误的名词词组, 可以作宾语;其他选项的比较形式都有错。
  (2)
  Different species of octopuses2 may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.
  应改为:in length.
  解释:long 是形容词, 不能单独接在介词之后, 其名词形式length与in构成介宾短语, 表示长度
  考点二 动名词作介词宾语
  名词作宾语时,之后不能再接宾语,这一缺陷可由动名词弥补。
  如:before doing the job , after getting back
  改错题中常把应该用动名词作宾语的地方误用为名词或不定式,需留心陷阱
  例题:
  (1)
  The Conestoga wagon3, used for to carry heavy loads over long distances, originatedaround 1725 in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga Indians.
  应改为:carrying.
  解释:不定式不能作for的宾语, 改为动名词即可
  (2)
  Copper4 sulfate, spread in judicious5 amounts, kills algae6 ----harming fish or aquatic7 invert-ebrates.
  (A) does not
  (B) but does no
  (C) except
  (D) without
  答案:D
  解释:harming 是动名词形式, 因此要求前面的词是介词或可接动名词的动词. A B 可首先排除; C 虽是介词, 但与句意不符.
  (3) Mary Ann Hardy8 was known for her skill to paint miniature watercolor portraits on ivory.
  应改为:in painting
  解释:后置定语修饰名词,什么方面的技能,不能用不定式。

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1 accurately oJHyf     
adv.准确地,精确地
参考例句:
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
2 octopuses d5a93f5ab1e0649b2c2a607e16ad063b     
章鱼( octopus的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Snails and octopuses are molluscs. 蜗牛和章鱼是软体动物。
  • Limpets, snails and octopuses are mollusks. 帽贝、蜗牛和章鱼都是软体动物。
3 wagon XhUwP     
n.四轮马车,手推车,面包车;无盖运货列车
参考例句:
  • We have to fork the hay into the wagon.我们得把干草用叉子挑进马车里去。
  • The muddy road bemired the wagon.马车陷入了泥泞的道路。
4 copper HZXyU     
n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的
参考例句:
  • The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
  • Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。
5 judicious V3LxE     
adj.明智的,明断的,能作出明智决定的
参考例句:
  • We should listen to the judicious opinion of that old man.我们应该听取那位老人明智的意见。
  • A judicious parent encourages his children to make their own decisions.贤明的父亲鼓励儿女自作抉择。
6 algae tK6yW     
n.水藻,海藻
参考例句:
  • Most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
  • Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。
7 aquatic mvXzk     
adj.水生的,水栖的
参考例句:
  • Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
  • We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。
8 hardy EenxM     
adj.勇敢的,果断的,吃苦的;耐寒的
参考例句:
  • The kind of plant is a hardy annual.这种植物是耐寒的一年生植物。
  • He is a hardy person.他是一个能吃苦耐劳的人。