在线英语听力室

托福语法:时间从句中一般过去时与过去完成时(1)

时间:2017-04-18 04:23:24

(单词翻译:单击)

  A 由when连接的从句
  一个过去的动作紧接另一动作时:
  He called her a liar1
  他骂她撒谎。
  She smacked2 his face.
  她打了他一个耳光。
  可以用when把这两个一般过去时的句子连接起来。连接的条件是,从意思上可以明显看出后一动作跟随前一动作,二者并不是同时发生的:
  When he called her a liar she smacked his face.
  他骂她撒谎时,她打了他一个耳光。
  两个过去时这样用时,通常存在这样的概念:第一个动作导致第二个动作,而后者是紧接前者发生的:
  When he opened the window the bird flew out.
  他一打开窗户鸟就飞出去了。
  When the play ended the audience3 went home.
  剧结束后,观众就回家了。
  When he died he was given a state funeral4
  他去世后,为他举行了国葬。
  过去完成时用于when之后,是为了避免使用两个一般过去时可能给人造成两个动作同时发生的印象:
  When he had shut the window we opened the door of the cage.
  他关了窗户之后,我们把笼门打开了。(我们等他关紧了窗户才打开笼门。)
  When she had sung her song she sat down.
  她唱完歌之后坐了下来。(如写成 When she sang her song she satdown,可能造成她是坐着唱歌的印象。)
  When he had seen all the pictures he said he was ready to leave.
  他看了所有的画之后说他要走了。(在他看完画之后……)试和下句相比较:
  When he saw all the pictures he expressed amazement5 that one manshould have painted so many.
  他看见所有的画时,表示十分惊奇,一个人竟然画了这么多画。(他一看见画就这么说。)
  过去完成时同样可以与as soon as,the moment,immediately连用。(关于as作为表示时间的连词的用法,参见第332节。)
  B 过去完成时可以与till/until和before连用,强调一个动作结束或预期将结束,但要注意在till/until+过去完成时+一般过去时结构中,表示一般过去时的动作可以位于表示过去完成时的动作之前,而在before+过去完成时+一般过去时结构中表示一般过去时的动作总是位于表示过去完成时的动作之前:
  He refused to go till he had seen all the pictures.
  他在看完所有的画之后才同意走。
  He did not wait till we had finished our meal.
  他没等到我们吃完饭就走了。
  Before we had finished our meal he ordered us back to work.
  没等我们吃完饭,他就命令我们回去干活。
  Before we had walked ten miles he complained of sore feet.
  我们还没走出十英里路,他就抱怨脚痛了。
  也可以在表示时间的从句中和主句中都用过去完成时:
  It was a very expensive town.Before we had been here a week we hadspent all our money.
  那是一个物价很贵的地方。我们到这儿还不到一星期,就花光了所有的钱。

分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 liar V1ixD     
n.说谎的人
参考例句:
  • I know you for a thief and a liar!我算认识你了,一个又偷又骗的家伙!
  • She was wrongly labelled a liar.她被错误地扣上说谎者的帽子。
2 smacked bb7869468e11f63a1506d730c1d2219e     
拍,打,掴( smack的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He smacked his lips but did not utter a word. 他吧嗒两下嘴,一声也不言语。
  • She smacked a child's bottom. 她打孩子的屁股。
3 audience 2u2zx     
n.听众,观众,读者;谒见,接见;倾听,听取
参考例句:
  • He could not put across his point of view to the audience.他没能使听众理解他的观点。
  • The audience was made up of very young children.观众由小孩子们组成。
4 funeral BhFx7     
n.丧葬,葬礼;adj.丧葬的,出殡的
参考例句:
  • Her bright clothes were not appropriate for a funeral.她那身鲜艳的衣服不适合参加葬礼。
  • A funeral is a somber occasion.葬礼是个忧郁的场合。
5 amazement 7zlzBK     
n.惊奇,惊讶
参考例句:
  • All those around him looked at him with amazement.周围的人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。
  • He looked at me in blank amazement.他带着迷茫惊诧的神情望着我。