四级阅读长难句分析（4）

　　【译文】在我们的文化中，我们常说的“控制感”——感觉自己很重要有价值，与“快乐感”——发现生活的乐趣，它们的来源是不尽相同的。

　　【析句】例句1句子看起来很长，但结构并不复杂。句子主干是the sources of... and the sources of...are not always identical,有两个并列的主语the sources of,而两个of后各有一个what引导的宾语从句what we call a sense of...。同时，主语后各有一个现在分词伴随状语，位于破折号后。

　　23. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful¹ statements). (1995. 阅读1. 1. Text 1)

　　【译文】让人感到讽刺的是，那些阻碍我们了解别人的东西(比如秘密和欺骗)对于培养令人满意的友谊，或许与那些使我们准确了解别人的东西(比如坦白和真话)同样重要。

　　【析句】复合句。主句是those things may be just as important to...as those things，包含了as...to sb/sth as...比较级结构。主语those things后有定语从句that keep us from knowing another person too well,而介词宾语those things后也有that引导的定语从句修饰，这样就使得整个句子的结构前后对称，工整顺口。

　　24. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. (1995. 阅读. 6. Text 2)

　　【译文】但是，有趣的是，比起长相漂亮的人，长相不美者的迅速成功更容易归功于个人关系助力，而非能力卓越。

　　【析句】这也是个比较句。比较结构是the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to...and less to...than was that of...,比较的对象是the rise of the unattractive overnight success与was that of attractive overnight success,其中that指代the rise。而比较的形式是动词词组attribute to的比较级，且由and连接两个并列的比较级。

　　25. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. (1995. 阅读. 1. Text 3)

　　【译文】然而，从我们在这几个领域抽取样本的能力来看，加上我们对这些领域的印象至少大体上是正确的，因此可以假设采用相反的顺序更加合理。

　　【析句】主句是one suspects+that宾语从句，in terms of是介词短语，our capacity to sample...and the probability...是in terms ofd的并列的宾语。capacity后to sample the relevant universes为不定式作宾语，而the probability后that our images of these universes are...correct是定语从句。注意，universes这里是“领域”的意思。

　　26. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived² from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience. (1995. 阅读. 1. Text 3)

　　【译文】即使是社会体系中作为收入、消费、组织活动、结婚、参加政治活动、战斗等日常行为的基础的民俗知识，也与从社会科学中产生的更加复杂精密的社会系统图像非常相似，即使这种社会系统的基础是有缺陷的个人经历。

　　【析句】复合句，主句为Even the folk knowledge in social systems is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system...,even在主句中作副词，主句主语the folk knowledge in social systems后有which引导定语从句，先行词作on的宾语，因此定义出句中把on放在which的前面。最后，主句后是even though引导的让步状语从句。

　　27. Our image of the astronomical³ universe is the least secure of all simplybecause we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. (1995. 阅读. 1. Text 3)

　　【译文】我们对于天文领域的印象是三种领域中最不稳定的，这只是因为我们仅仅看到了很少却美妙的案例，与社会体系丰富的记录，甚至和生活体系有限的记录相比，天文领域中保持的记录实在是微不足道。

　　【析句】主句Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all,because引导原因状语从句。从句中包含两个并列的句子，分别是we observe such a fantastically small sample of it,和its record-keeping is trivial as compared with..., 其中包含了词组as compared with, 意思是“与...相比”。

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