经济学人:技术移民 六级与分裂(2)

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　　That left just 14% who were sponsored by companies, about the same share who first entered the country as refugees or asylum-seekers (a further 5% were lottery¹ winners). 剩下的人是由公司资助仅有14%，他们是作为难民或寻求庇护者（还有5%是彩票中奖者）首次移民到该国。

　　Despite this bias² towards families, the share of immigrants who arrived with degrees has risen from 27%, for those who arrived between and 1986 and 1990, to almost half now. 尽管存在这种对家庭成员的偏向，但是相对于1986年到1990年间，拥有学位的移民者比例从27%上升到现在的接近半数。

　　America is not the only rich country to have seen such an increase. 美国并不是唯一一个见证这种增长的发达国家。

　　According to the OECD (a club of mostly wealthy countries), the number of college-educated migrants heading to member countries grew by 70% between 2001 and 2011. 据经济合作与发展组织（一个大部分是富裕国家的俱乐部）报道，在2001年到2011年间前往成员国的移民中拥有学历者比例增长了70%。

　　Recent migrants to America are as likely to be highly educated as those who move to Europe are. 最近移民去美国的人和移民去欧洲的人一样，都很可能是受过高等教育的人。

　　They still lag some way behind Australia and Canada, though. 不过这个比例依旧少于澳大利亚和加拿大。

　　The result is that America has switched from importing people who are, on average, less educated than the natives to people who are better schooled. 结果是，美国从输入总体上受教育水平低于美国本土的人转变为输入受教育程度较高的人。

　　Most states gained in college-educated immigrant populations between 2010 and 2015. 在2010年到2015年期间，大多数州接收到了受过大学教育的移民。

　　Immigrants were more educated than Americans in 26 states. 有26个州的移民比本土美国人受教育程度更高。

　　“This shift has gone unnoticed by the broader population and policymakers,” says Ms Batalova of the MPI. MPI的贝塔罗娃女士说：“公众及政策制定者都没有意识到这一转变。”

　　Many people have an outdated³ notion of who immigrants are, conflating them with the undocumented. 许多人对移民的认识已经过时，他们将移民和非法入境者混为一谈。

　　The number of undocumented migrants has been falling, but even they are more likely to have a degree these days:  非法入境者的数量在下降，并且即便是非法移民，在今天他们也大多拥有学位，

　　the MPI reckons that a fifth of graduate immigrants are undocumented. MPI认为五分之一的拥有硕士学位的移民是非法入境。

　　Nearly a third of refugees have at least one degree. 近乎三分之一的难民有至少一个学位。

　　One difficulty even educated migrants face on arrival is that employers do not always recognise foreign degrees and experience abroad. 但即使是受过良好教育的移民在落地后也会遇到一个困难：雇主往往并不承认国外学位以及工作经历。

　　Antiquated⁴ licensing⁵ requirements and regulations also help. 陈腐的执照要求和规定同样起了作用。

　　Upwardly Global, a charity which helps skilled immigrants translate their CVs into American,  全球向上（Upwardly Global）是一个帮助有一技傍身的移民的慈善机构，

　　cites the example of a former Medecins Sans Frontieres doctor from Botswana who worked as a waiter until he got help to navigate⁶ the system. 他们将这些技术人员的履历表翻译成美语，并举了一个来自博茨瓦纳的前无国界医生的例子，这名医生在打通制度前一直做着服务员的工作。

　　As for Mr Rommel Umano, despite his years as an architect and two degrees, he had a hard time getting work in his profession in America. 至于Rommel Umano先生，尽管他做过多年建筑师并拥有两个学位，他在美国试图获得自己的专业工作时还是遇到了困难。

　　Needing money, he took a job loading boxes in a New Jersey⁷ warehouse⁸ two hours away from his home in the Bronx. 因为需要钱，他不得不在距他在Bronx的家两小时车程的新泽西的一家仓库找一份装箱的工作。

　　The charity polished his CV and put him through mock interviews and in touch with his current employer, a construction firm. 这个慈善机构将他的履历表加以润色，然后进行模拟面试，并使他遇到了现在的雇主，一家建筑公司。

　　There, he says the work is pretty similar to what he was doing in Japan. 他说那里的工作和他在日本所做的十分相似。

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