布雷特.卡瓦诺表示：最高院不应被视为党派之争

（单词翻译）

Kavanaugh: 'Court Must Never Be Viewed as Partisan¹'

The U.S. Supreme² Court confirmation³ hearing of Brett Kavanaugh got off to a rocky start Tuesday, with demonstrators shouting against his appointment and minority Democrats⁵ losing a bid to delay the proceedings⁶ until thousands of pages of documents about Kavanaugh's past work at the White House are made public.

Shortly before 5 p.m. EDT (2100 UTC) -- nearly seven hours after the start of the hearing -- Kavanaugh finally gave his opening remarks.

"The Supreme Court must never be viewed as a partisan institution," the nominee⁷ said. "The justices on the Supreme Court do not sit on opposite sides of an aisle⁸. They do not caucus⁹ in separate rooms. If confirmed to the court, I would be part of a team of nine, committed to deciding cases according to the Constitution and laws of the United States."

He continued: "I am optimistic about the future of America and the future of our independent judiciary. I revere¹⁰ the Constitution. If confirmed to the Supreme Court, I will keep an open mind in every case. I will do equal right to the poor and to the rich. I will always strive to preserve the Constitution of the United States and the American Rule of Law."

Earlier Tuesday, Democratic lawmakers complained that White House officials under President Donald Trump¹¹ are withholding¹² the documents from the early 2000s, when Kavanaugh served as a staff secretary to former Republican President George W. Bush. Democratic senators say they want to use the material to inform their questioning of the 53-year-old appellate court judge.

"I appeal to your sense of decency¹³ and fairness," Democratic Sen. Cory Booker of New Jersey¹⁴ told Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Charles Grassley in asking for a vote on a delay. But the Iowa Republican rejected as out of order Booker's call, along with other Democratic senators, for any vote on whether to postpone¹⁵ the hearings until more documents are disclosed.

Grassley said more documents about Kavanaugh's career in Washington are already available than for past Supreme Court nominees¹⁶, along with 300 decisions he has written as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington. After rejecting a hearing delay, Grassley offered his own opening statement as security officials ejected more demonstrators.

Documents

The Judiciary Committee has received 415,000 pages of documents about the Supreme Court nominee's time in the Bush White House, of which 147,000 are being withheld¹⁷ from public release. In addition, Trump officials said they would not release 101,921 pages of Kavanaugh-related records to the panel because of the sensitivity of the communications. It turned over 42,000 pages on Monday night.

Kavanaugh introduced his family at the packed hearing room, but otherwise sat silent as Democrats unsuccessfully sought the delay.

In advance of the hearing, the White House released some of Kavanaugh's opening statement he plans to make, in which he declared he would be an unbiased referee¹⁸ in deciding cases on the country's highest court.

"A good judge must be an umpire — a neutral and impartial¹⁹ arbiter²⁰ who favors no litigant²¹ or policy," Kavanaugh said.

Kavanaugh, nominated by Trump, declares, "I don’t decide cases based on personal or policy preferences. I am not a pro-plaintiff or pro-defendant judge. I am not a pro-prosecution or pro-defense judge. I am a pro-law judge."

Replacing Justice Kennedy

If confirmed by the Senate, Kavanaugh would replace retired²³ Justice Anthony Kennedy, a moderate conservative who was a swing vote on the court, siding with its four liberals in key 5-4 rulings upholding abortion²⁴ and gay rights and affirmative action to increase university admissions for racial minorities.

But independent court analysts²⁵ believe Kavanaugh's rulings on the federal appeals court in Washington indicate he would tilt²⁶ the high court's ideological²⁷ balance toward conservative rulings for years to come.

Kavanaugh is expected to face tough questioning by the Judiciary panel, especially from Democratic lawmakers, on how he would decide new abortion and gay rights legal challenges, as well as the extent of the power of special counsel Robert Mueller to investigate whether Trump obstructed²⁸ justice by trying to thwart²⁹ the criminal investigation³⁰ into Russian meddling³¹ in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

But Kavanaugh appears headed toward eventual³² confirmation by the full Senate. Republicans hold a 50-49 edge in the chamber³³, soon to increase to 51-49 when Republican John Kyl, a former Arizona senator, fills the seat of the late Sen. John McCain. No Republican has said they will vote against Kavanaugh, nor has any Democrat⁴ said they will vote for him, although a handful of Democratic lawmakers eventually might support his confirmation.

In the prepared remarks, Kavanaugh says, "If confirmed to the court, I would be part of a Team of Nine, committed to deciding cases according to the Constitution and laws of the United States. I would always strive to be a team player on the Team of Nine."

He praised Kennedy, for whom he once served as a law clerk.

"To me, Justice Kennedy is a mentor³⁴, a friend, and a hero," Kavanaugh said. "As a member of the court, he was a model of civility and collegiality. He fiercely defended the independence of the judiciary. And he was a champion of liberty."

The proceedings, which could last for days, are starting with opening statements by the committee members and eventually Kavanaugh's remarks. Republican lawmakers voiced support for Kavanaugh, while Democrats said they feared he would help overturn a woman's right to an abortion in the U.S. and other rulings Kennedy favored.

On Wednesday, Kavanaugh is due to face direct questioning on a range of issues, including his stance on abortion, gay rights and presidential powers. Recent Supreme Court nominees have refused to say how they would rule in specific cases, but, under questioning, have discussed their judicial³⁵ philosophy, giving a hint of how they would rule on controversial issues.

The White House is hoping the full Senate will confirm Kavanaugh this month, in time for him to fill the vacancy³⁶ left by Kennedy's retirement³⁷ when the court opens a new term on October 1.

However, Democrats have vowed³⁸ to fight Kavanaugh’s nomination³⁹ from the start, fearing his lifetime appointment could ensure a strongly conservative court for a generation.

Democrats will likely try to portray⁴⁰ Kavanaugh as someone too tied to Trump and who will push a conservative agenda on the high court. Republicans are expected to try to paint the nominee as an independent thinker and a principled jurist.

One of the main issues Kavanaugh will be questioned on is the Supreme Court’s landmark⁴¹ 1973 Roe⁴² v. Wade⁴³ case, which gave women the right to have an abortion.

Kavanaugh, who has championed pro-life views, has not said whether he believes the case was decided⁴⁴ correctly, and he is not likely to do so during the hearings.

Executive Authority

Another key issue at the hearings will be Kavanaugh’s views on executive authority. Kavanaugh has argued that presidents should be free from civil lawsuits⁴⁵, criminal prosecutions⁴⁶ and investigations⁴⁷ while in office. His view was shaped by his own involvement with a presidential investigation when he worked for independent counsel Ken²² Starr in his investigation of President Bill Clinton in the late 1990s.

The matter could be significant to Trump if the high court is called upon to render judgment⁴⁸ on matters arising from special counsel Mueller's ongoing⁴⁹ Russia-related investigation into the Trump administration and several civil lawsuits pending⁵⁰ against Trump.

Kavanaugh will also likely face tough questioning on environmental controls, affirmative action and the conflict between religious beliefs and gay rights.

Randy Barnett, a constitutional law professor at Georgetown University, told VOA it will not be clear exactly how Kavanaugh would rule on certain issues, and that he thinks it is right to not have those positions spelled out in advance.

"This is exactly the reason why judges don't talk about how they're going to rule on cases because until the case is in front of them and been argued by both sides, they may not know how they're going to rule," he said. "We don't want judges in their confirmation hearings to commit themselves in such a way as they will then be disqualified from actually ruling impartially⁵¹ when the case comes before them."

Kavanaugh's record of court opinions shows he is a conservative thinker opposed to abortion and supportive of corporations against government regulation. He is a Catholic who has the backing of evangelical Christian⁵² groups.

Victor Beattie contributed to this report.