TED演讲:梵高《星月夜》背后隐藏的数学理论(1)

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　　Among the hardest patterns we've tried to understand is the concept of turbulent flow in fluid dynamics². 其中让我们最难了解的是流体力学中紊流的概念。

　　The German physicist³ Werner Heisenberg said, When I meet God, I'm going to ask him two questions:  德国物理学家维尔纳·海森堡说，当我见到上帝时，我要问他两个问题：

　　why relativity and why turbulence⁴? I really believe he will have an answer for the first. 相对论和紊流为什么存在？我很相信他可以回答前者。

　　As difficult as turbulence is to understand mathematically, 用数理方法理解紊流相当困难，

　　we can use art to depict⁵ the way it looks. 但是我们可以把它画出来。

　　In June 1889, Vincent van Gogh painted the view just before sunrise from the window of his room at the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole asylum⁶ in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence,  1889年六月，梵高画了日出前从圣雷米疗养院窗户望出去的景色，

　　where he'd admitted himself after mutilating his own ear in a psychotic episode. 他将自己耳朵割除后住在那个精神病院。

　　In "The Starry⁷ Night," his circular brushstrokes create a night sky filled with swirling⁸ clouds and eddies⁹ of stars. 在画作《星月夜》里，他用漩涡状的笔触画出充满卷云和涡状星星的夜空。

　　Van Gogh and other Impressionists represented light in a different way than their predecessors¹⁰, seeming to capture its motion,  梵高和后期印象派画家以另一种形式呈现光影，而前期画家则是著重於刻画动作，

　　for instance, across sun-dappled waters, or here in star light that twinkles and melts through milky¹¹ waves of blue night sky. 例如：阳光斑驳的水面在湛蓝夜空中，加上乳白色波浪线条画出摇曳的星光。

　　The effect is caused by luminance, the intensity¹² of the light in the colors on the canvas. 这个效果是光的亮度，也就是油画中色彩强度造成的。

　　The more primitive¹³ part of our visual cortex, which sees light contrast and motion,  我们视觉皮质里比较原生的部分判断光线对比和物体运动，

　　but not color, will blend two differently colored areas together if they have the same luminance. 而非辨识色彩也就是将两种不同颜色但同样亮度的区域混在一起。

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