TED演讲:梵高《星月夜》背后隐藏的数学理论(2)

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　　With these two interpretations² happening at once, 当两种视觉处理方式同时发生时，

　　the light in many Impressionist works seems to pulse, flicker³ and radiate oddly. 印象派画中的光线变得非常突出。

　　That's how this and other Impressionist works use quickly executed prominent brushstrokes 这就是为什么印象派的作品倾向用大胆的笔触

　　to capture something strikingly real about how light moves. 来捕捉细微的光影流动。

　　60 years later, Russian mathematician⁴ Andrey Kolmogorov furthered our mathematical understanding of turbulence⁵  六十年后，俄罗斯数学家安德雷·柯尔莫哥洛夫开拓了数理上对紊流的理解。

　　when he proposed that energy in a turbulent fluid at length R varies in proportion to the 5/3rds power of R. 他提出在一个长度R的紊水流中能量会与R的5/3次方成正比。

　　Experimental measurements show Kolmogorov was remarkably⁶ close to the way turbulent flow works,  实验数据证实柯尔莫哥洛夫的模型非常接近紊流的流动方式。

　　although a complete description of turbulence remains⁷ one of the unsolved problems in physics. 虽然紊流完整的解释仍是物理学中一项待解的难题。

　　A turbulent flow is self-similar if there is an energy cascade⁸. 有能量梯度的紊流型态都相类似。

　　In other words, big eddies⁹ transfer their energy to smaller eddies, which do likewise at other scales. 换句话说，大涡流传递能量给小涡流，这在其他规模也适用。

　　Examples of this include Jupiter's Great Red Spot, cloud formations and interstellar dust particles. 举例来说，木星上的红斑云、星际尘埃都包含在内。

　　In 2004, using the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists saw the eddies of a distant cloud of dust and gas around a star,  2004年，科学家用哈伯天文望远镜观测到星星周围有漩涡状的星尘和气体，

　　and it reminded them of Van Gogh's "Starry¹⁰ Night." 因此想起了梵高的《星月夜》。

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