TED演讲： 谈语言和思想(7)
时间：2018-11-06 02:04:59
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（单词翻译）
Just to give you a few examples: "ending a pregnancy1" versus2 "killing3 a fetus4;" 这里是一些例子：是“终止怀孕”还是“杀死胚胎”
"a ball of cells" versus "an unborn child;" “一个细胞聚合的小球”还是“一个尚未出生的孩子”
"invading Iraq" versus "
liberating5 Iraq;" “侵略伊拉克”或是“解放伊拉克”
And I think the biggest picture of all would take seriously the fact 而整个图景中最显著的一部分是要看到一点：
that so much of our
verbiage8 about abstract events is based on a concrete
metaphor9 就是我们对抽象事件的描述，大多都是基于实体的隐喻
and see human intelligence itself as consisting of a
repertoire10 of concepts 这反映出人类智能本身是由一整套概念组成
such as objects, space, time, causation and intention 比如物体、空间、时间，因果关系与意图
which are useful in a social, knowledge-intensive species, 对我们这种群居的、知识密集型的种群非常有用
whose evolution you can well imagine, and a process of
metaphorical11 abstraction 我们能想象人类的进化和语言的隐喻抽象化过程齐轨并行
that allows us to
bleach12 these concepts of their original conceptual content 慢慢地这些概念里原先的实际内容就淡化了
space, time and force -- and apply them to new abstract
domains13, 空间、时间和力--而它们却被用在全新的抽象领域里
therefore allowing a species that evolved to deal with rocks and tools and animals, 如此就使得我们这个原本是进化出来，和石头、工具与动物打交道的种群
to conceptualize mathematics, physics, law and other abstract domains. 能够形成数学、物理、法律等等概念，涉足其他抽象的领域
Well, I said I'd talk about two windows on human nature 我曾说过我要谈谈人性的两扇窗户
and now I'm going to say a few words about the relationship types 现在我要说说几种人际关系
that govern human social interaction, again, as reflected in language. 它们支配着人类的社交活动，同样，这些都体现在语言里
And I'll start out with a puzzle, the puzzle of indirect speech acts. 我要从间接话语行为这个谜题开始。
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