欧美人文风情第8篇:外国人眼中的至圣先师孔子
时间：2019-02-01 02:29:47
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（单词翻译）
Confucius was a Chinese philosopher of the Zhou dynasty, whose teachings of moral, social, political, and philosophical1 behavior and theory 孔子是中国周朝的一位思想家，他在道德、社会、政治、及哲学行为与理论的教诲，
would later become the foundation of a system known as Confucianism. 后来成为一个被称做儒家的体系其根基。
The teachings of Confucius was studied and written about from the time of his death until the founding of the first Chinese empire in 221 B.C. 孔子的讲学从他辞世到西元前 221 年首个中国帝国建立期间被研究及写下。
His teachings included humanist towards others, ritual and
etiquette2, love of parents for their children and of children for their parents. 他的教诲包括对他人的仁、仪俗及礼节、父母对子女的爱及子女对父母的爱。
An emphasis was placed on self-cultivation and skilled
judgment3, 重点被放在自身修养和熟练的判断力，
rather than a knowledge of rules. 而非对规则的了解。
One of his most well-known teachings is—what you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others. 其中一个他最广为人知的教诲是－－己所不欲，勿施于人。
Confucianism rose to
prominence8 during the Han dynasty around 200 B.C. 儒学在西元前约 200 年汉代时始达兴盛。
Many
followers9 practiced his teachings as a religion. 许多追随者把他的教义当作一种宗教来实践。
However, because it lacks a metaphysical aspect, most consider Confucianism as an
influential10 social philosophy. 然而，因为儒学缺乏一种纯哲学的面向，大多数人视儒学为一个具影响力的社会学。
Confucius
avidly11 promoted an autocratic social structure. 孔子热烈地提倡一个专制的社会结构。
In the years after his death, rulers looked to scholars of Confucianism for assistance in managing their empires and governing their people. 在他逝世后，统治者靠着儒家学者来协助管理他们的帝国及统治他们的人民。
Confucianism was appealing to rulers who found that its principles would
essentially12 help society become self-regulating. 对于那些发现其原则实质上会帮助社会变得自律的统治者而言，儒学很吸引人。
These principles of behavior and their
implementation13 are thought to have later influenced strong central rule, 这些关于行为和其施行的原则被认为后来影响了中央集权统治、
and the absence of
rigidly14 enforced legal structure. 及严格执法体系的缺乏。
Confucius spent his final years teaching his followers and communicating his wisdom. 孔子利用他的最后几年教导他的弟子和散播他的智慧。
These dialogues would eventually become a set of texts called the Five Classics. 这些对话最终变成一系列称作《五经》的文本。
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