VOA常速英语2019--阿富汗和巴基斯坦根除不了骨髓灰质炎

（单词翻译）

Administering the polio vaccine¹ is a simple procedure, but in partsof the world, vaccinators risk their lives to protect children from lifelongparalysis.

接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗是个简单的程序，但世界上有些地方，疫苗接种者冒着生命危险来保护儿童，以防终身瘫痪。

Earlier this year, vaccinations³ stopped during a tribal⁴ protest inPakistan, polio workers were attacked, harassed⁵ and killed after anti-vaccinerumors spread on social media and as a result the number of polio casesincreased. Yet despite the dangers, many workers persist in their efforts toend polio. It mostly affects children 5 and under. And since 1988, when theglobal effort to eradicate⁶ polio started, the number of cases has declined by99.9%. In 2018, only two countries Pakistan and Afghanistan reported cases ofthe wild polio virus.

今年早些时候，巴基斯坦部落抗议停止疫苗接种，反疫苗的谣言在社交媒体上大肆传播，脊髓灰质炎工作人员遭到攻击、骚扰和杀害，最后，得脊髓灰质炎的人数量增加。然而，尽管有危险，许多工人仍坚持努力消灭脊髓灰质炎。它主要影响五岁及五岁以下儿童。自1988年全球根除脊髓灰质炎的努力开始，病例数下降99.9%。2018年，只有巴基斯坦和阿富汗报告了野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例。

In Pakistan and Afghanistan, clean water is hard to come by, makingit harder to eradicate the virus. It spreads through tainted⁷ water and becauseof poor hygiene⁸. That two samples are telling us that there is a polio virusaround that’s a danger sign, that is a red line, and it can only becircumvented when we are giving polio drops to everybody around.

在巴基斯坦和阿富汗，干净的水很难获取，使得根除病毒更加困难。由于不卫生，它通过受污染的水传播。那两个国家的样本告诉我们周围有脊髓灰质炎病毒，这是个危险信号，这是条红线，只有当我们给周围每个人注射脊髓灰质炎疫苗后，它才能被绕过。

To prevent children from getting polio, they need to be vaccinatedand revaccinated especially where there’s poor sanitation¹⁰. In thoseenvironments with frequent infections, about 15 times doses is what isconsidered adequate. One of the problems in Pakistan and Afghanistan is gettingto the children. Many families migrate back and forth¹¹ between the countries,making it hard to vaccinate⁹ every single child.

为了防止儿童感染脊髓灰质炎，他们需要接种疫苗，尤其是在卫生条件差的地方需要复种。在那些频繁感染的环境中，大约15倍的剂量就足够。巴基斯坦和阿富汗的问题之一是涉及到儿童。许多家庭在这些国家之间来回搬家，所以很难给每个孩子接种疫苗。

The virus was in one country and both countries need to worktogether and they’re increasingly doing that, and sharing data and coordinatingdates for vaccination² campaigns and sharing surveillance data and all of thatis having is having an impact. The goal is to end transmission of the wildpolio virus.

病毒在一个国家，并且两国需要合作，而且他们正在越来越多地这样做，共享数据，协调疫苗接种活动的日期，共享监测数据，所有这些都产生了影响。目标是结束野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播。

There’s no set end date but getting to the end is essential. Unlessyou get to zero cases because it’s such a contagious¹² disease and an epidemicprone disease we run the risk that it will spread again globally. Success is byno means assured, but the Global Polio Eradication¹³ Initiative intends tocontinue its campaign until no child ever again gets polio.

没有固定结束日期，但到达目标至关重要。 除非没有病例，因为这是一种传染性疾病，是一种容易流行的疾病，我们面临着它将再次进行全球传播的风险。虽然不能确保成功，但全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动计划打算继续持续下去，直到不再有儿童患脊髓灰质炎。