VOA慢速英语2021 关机再开机，简单一招阻止手机黑客

（单词翻译）

American lawmaker Angus King is a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee. He received some advice this year by security staff on how to keep his cellphone safe from hackers².

美国议员安格斯·金是参议院情报委员会委员。他今年从安全人员那得到了一些关于如何保护手机不被黑客入侵的建议。

Step One: Turn off phone.

第一步：关机。

Step Two: Turn it back on.

第二步：开机。

That is it. At a time of widespread digital insecurity, it turns out that the oldest and simplest computer fix can stop hackers from stealing information.

就这样。事实证明，在数字不安全普遍存在的时代，这种最古老、最简单的计算机修复手段可以阻止黑客窃取信息。

Restarting phones will not stop the army of digital criminals or spy-for-hire companies. But it can make even the most complex hackers work harder to keep entry and steal data from a phone.

重启手机无法阻止数字罪犯或是间谍公司的大军。但是它可以让即便最老练的黑客也要更加努力才能维持进入一部手机并窃取数据的权限。

Neal Ziring is the technical director of the National Security Agency's (or NSA) digital security division. He said the advice is to make it more costly³ for hackers to steal data.

尼尔·兹灵是美国国家安全局数字安全部门的技术总监。他说，这一建议是让黑客窃取数据的成本更高。

The NSA recommends restarting a cellphone every week to prevent hacking⁴. The recommendation was part of a guide for mobile digital security that the agency put out last year.

美国国家安全局建议每周重启手机以防止黑客入侵。该建议是该机构去年推出的移动数字安全指南的一部分。

Cellphones are always close by, rarely turned off, and hold huge amounts of personal data. Cellphones have become top targets for hackers looking to steal messages, contacts, and pictures. Cellphones also can be used to find out where users are physically⁵. Hackers can even turn on a phone's camera and microphone.

手机总是在身边，很少关机并且保存了大量的个人数据。手机已经成为黑客窃取信息、联系人和图片的首要目标。手机还可以被用于找出用户的定位。黑客甚至可以打开手机的摄像头和麦克风。

It is not known exactly how many people's phones are hacked⁶ each year. But a recent investigation⁷ by a group of worldwide media agencies found that over 1,000 reporters, human rights activists⁸, and politicians were believed to be possible targets of an Israeli hacker-for-hire company. This has caused political disorder⁹ in France, India, Hungary, and elsewhere.

目前尚不清楚每年有多少人的手机被黑客入侵。但是最近一批全球媒体机构发布的调查发现，据信有1千多名记者、人权活动家和政治家可能是以色列一家间谍公司的目标。这在法国、印度、匈牙利等地区造成了政治混乱。

Top hackers are now gaining entry to personal devices without any user action, instead of through a method like the common "open this link" trick.

顶级黑客无需任何用户操作即可进入个人设备，而不是通过“打开此链接”这种常见的圈套。

Normally, once hackers gain entry to a device or network, they look for ways to stay in the system. They do this by placing harmful programing into a computer's root file system. But Ziring said that is becoming more difficult, as phone manufacturers like Apple and Google have stronger security systems to block such actions.

通常，一旦黑客进入设备或网络，他们就会寻找留在系统中的方法。他们通常通过将有害程序放入计算机根文件系统来实现这一点。但是兹灵表示，这变得越来越难，因为苹果和谷歌等手机制造商拥有更强大的安全系统来阻止这类行为。

This has led hackers to use a sort of hacking called "in-memory payloads," which are harder to find in the phone. Such hacks¹⁰ cannot survive a restart. But because many people restart their phones so rarely, the hackers can get all the information needed.

这导致黑客使用了一种被称为内存有效载荷的黑客攻击，它在手机中更难发现。这类攻击无法在重启后留存。但是因为很多人很少重启手机，黑客可以获得所需的所有信息。

A large market currently exists for hacking tools that can break into phones. Some companies like Zerodium and Crowdfence publicly offer millions of dollars for hacks that do not need user interaction.

目前存在着一个可以侵入手机的黑客工具的巨大市场。像Zerodium 和 Crowdfence等一些公司公开悬赏数百万美元寻找无需用户交互行为的黑客攻击工具。

Hacker-for-hire companies that sell hacking services to governments and law agencies have increased in recent years. The most well known is the Israel-based NSO Group. Their hacking programming has reportedly been used around the world to break into the phones of activists, reporters, and religious leaders.

近年来，向政府和法律机构出售黑客服务的间谍公司有所增加。最著名的就是总部位于以色列的NSO集团。据报道，他们的黑客程序已经在全球范围内被用于侵入活动家、记者和宗教领袖的手机。

Facebook has brought NSO Group to court for possibly targeting about 1,400 users on its messaging service WhatsApp with hacking programing.

脸书网已经将NSO集团告上法庭，理由是该集团可能使用黑客程序攻击其消息应用程序WhatsApp上的1400名用户。

NSO Group said it only sells its programing to "vetted¹¹ government agencies" for use against terrorists and major criminals. The company did not answer a request for comment from Associated Press reporters.

NSO集团表示，它只向经过审查的政府机构出售其程序，用于打击恐怖分子和重要罪犯。该公司并没有回应美联社记者的置评请求。

Documents gained by Vice¹ News found NSO's U.S.-based company advertised a powerful phone hacking tool to law enforcement agencies. The tool could even survive a factory reset¹² – when all user data from a phone is removed.

Vice News获得的文件发现，NSO集团在美国的公司向执法机构推销了一种更强大的手机黑客工具。该工具甚至可以在恢复出厂设置后，也就是手机中所有用户数据都被删除时继续使用。

The NSA's guide for mobile digital security notes that restarting a phone only works sometimes. The agency's guide for personal devices has a simple piece of advice to make sure hackers cannot record you from your phone: do not carry it with you.

美国国家安全局的移动数字安全指南指出，重启手机仅在某些情况下生效。该机构的个人设备指南提出了一条简单的建议，可以确保黑客无法通过你的手机偷录，那就是不要随身携带手机。