VOA慢速英语2021 中国加强对从教育到比特币的各行业监管

（单词翻译）

For months, China has been increasing restrictions¹ on private companies operating in the country. Here are the industries facing new measures:

几个月来，中国一直在加大对在中国运营的私营企业的监管。以下是面临全新监管措施的行业：

Education

教育

In education, measures began on Saturday barring private, for-profit tutoring companies from raising investments outside the country.

教育方面，周六开始采取措施，禁止营利性私营教辅机构到海外筹集资金。

The new rules also said tutoring centers must operate as non-profit organizations. They also cannot offer subjects already taught in public day schools or hold classes on weekends or holidays.

这些新规定还表示，补习中心必须作为非营利机构运作。他们也不能在周末和节假日提供公立走读学校已经教授的科目或上课。

China's competitive higher education system has made tutoring services very popular with parents. Private tutoring is a $120 billion industry in the country and includes several companies based overseas. But to increase the nation's slow birthrate, the government has been trying to lower the cost of raising children.

中国竞争激烈的高等教育体系使得补习服务颇受家长欢迎。私营补习在该国是一个价值1200亿美元的产业，其中包括几家海外上市公司。但是为了提高该国的出生率，政府一直在努力降低抚养孩子的成本。

Online finance

网络金融

In November, China's banking² regulators put out draft rules calling for stronger controls for online lending. The company Ant Group is a major lender. Ant Group is a part of the larger Alibaba Group, a Chinese company specializing in technology, finance and online product sales.

去年11月，中国银行业监管机构出台了规则草案，呼吁加强对网贷的控制。蚂蚁集团是一家重要的借贷机构。蚂蚁集团是更大的阿里巴巴集团的一部分，阿里巴巴集团是一家专门从事科技、金融和产品在线销售的中国企业。

The rules set limits for online loans between provinces and put a limit on loan amounts for individuals.

该规定限制了跨省网贷的规模，并对个人贷款金额做出了限制。

In April, the regulator demanded that Ant Group separate its payment business from its personal finance business.

今年4月，监管机构要求蚂蚁集团将支付业务和个人金融业务分开。

Online commerce

在线商务

Regulators have also cracked down on traditional online commerce, or product sales.

监管机构还严厉打击了传统在线商务或是产品销售。

In April, the State Administration of Market Regulation fined Alibaba Group $2.75 billion. It was the company's highest fine yet. The regulator says Alibaba had been preventing its product sellers from selling their goods on other websites.

今年4月，中国国家市场监督管理总局对阿里巴巴集团罚款27.5亿美元。这是该公司迄今为止最大一笔罚款。监管机构表示，阿里巴巴一直阻止其产品卖家在其它网站上销售他们的产品。

The regulator has also fined smaller companies for their practices related to consumer rights and labor³.

监管机构还对更小企业在消费者权益和劳工方面的做法做出了罚款。

In May, it fined the company JD.com 300,000 yuan for publishing false information about its food products. JD.com is a major competitor of Alibaba.

今年5月，京东因为发布虚假食品信息而被罚款30万人民币。京东是阿里巴巴的主要竞争对手。

This week, the regulator ordered China's food drop-off companies to provide better protection for workers.

本周，监管机构下令中国外卖企业为员工提供更好的保护。

Ride sharing

共享出行

In June, the Cyberspace⁴ Administration of China, or CAC, told top ride-sharing company Didi Chuxing to stop taking new users.

今年6月，中国国家互联网信息办公室通知头部共享出行企业滴滴出行停止接收新用户。

At first, the regulator named violations⁵ of consumer privacy as a reason for barring new riders. Later it put out separate draft rules for other Chinese companies to run a security check before listing stocks overseas.

起初，监管机构将侵犯消费者隐私列为禁止新用户的原因。随后监管机构出台了单独的规则草案，让其它中国企业在海外上市前进行安全检查。

A CAC investigation⁶ led to a fine of 500,000 yuan for Didi and other companies for not reporting their takeovers of smaller companies.

中国国家互联网信息办公室的一项调查导致滴滴和其它企业被罚款50万人民币，原因是他们在收购更小企业时没有上报。

Bitcoin

比特币

In May, three financial regulators widened rules on China's cryptocurrency industry. They barred banks and online payment companies from use of cryptocurrency for payment or legal settlement.

今年5月，三大监管机构扩大了对中国加密货币行业的规定。他们禁止银行和在线支付企业使用加密货币进行支付或清算。

They also barred companies from providing exchange services between cryptocurrencies and national moneys, among other rules.

在其它规定方面，他们还禁止企业提供加密货币和国家货币之间的兑换服务。

In the following weeks came measures from provincial⁷ governments to prevent bitcoin mining.

在接下来的几周里，各省出台了禁止比特币挖矿的措施。

Those measures caused a series of mining closures around the country. Chinese newspaper Global Times predicts that 90 percent of mining operations will soon close.

这些措施导致全国各地的一系列挖矿业务被关闭。中国《环球日报》预测90%的挖矿业务将很快被关闭。

Property

房地产

On Friday, China's housing ministry⁸ and seven other regulators told the property management industry to "improve order."

周五，中国住建部和其它七家监管机构要求房地产管理行业改善秩序。

China's economy has improved after a drop in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. Officials have increased efforts to stop real estate companies from borrowing too much money this year.

中国经济在2020年因为新冠病毒大流行下滑后有所改善。今年，官员们加大了阻止房地产企业借入过多资金的力度。

Other regulatory measures include borrowing limits for property developers and limits on property loans from banks.

其它监管措施包括对房地产开发商的借贷限制以及对银行发放房贷的限制。

What's next?

下一步是什么？

So, what might come next?

那么，接下来可能会发生什么？

Some experts say the gaming industry is next to face tough regulations. China's central government has continued to express concern about gaming addiction⁹ among young people.

有专家表示，游戏行业即将面临严格监管。中国中央政府持续表达了对青少年沉迷游戏的担忧。

The government will likely target the many games being published without official permissions, or ones that misuse¹⁰ user information. That prediction comes from Rich Bishop¹¹. He is a chief executive of the Beijing-based app publisher AppInChina.

政府可能会将许多未经官方许可发布的游戏或是滥用用户信息的游戏作为目标。该预测来自于Rish Bishop。他是总部位于北京的应用发布商AppInChina的首席执行官。

In healthcare, last month the State Council urged a reduction in medicine prices for 2021. It also demanded changes to the country's complex healthcare system.

在医疗保健方面，上个月国务院督促降低2021年的药品价格。它还要求对该国复杂的医疗保健系统进行改革。