VOA慢速英语--研究人员尝试不用橡木桶酿造威士忌

（单词翻译）

Making Whiskey without Oak Barrels, How Does It Taste?

Martin Janousek and Stu Aaron make whiskey in a small lab in California's Silicon¹ Valley. Whiskey is a sort of alcoholic² drink that is made from fermented⁴ grains.

Usually, whiskey is aged⁵ in barrels made from the wood of an oak tree. But in this lab, there are no barrels. Instead, they are using scientific equipment like syringes, beakers, and vials. They are doing this to find a more environmentally friendly way to make whiskey.

"This modern consumer – they tend to care about causes like climate change," said Aaron, co-founder and chief commercial officer of Menlo Park-based Bespoken⁶ Spirits.

The alcoholic drink spends three to five days in a small, metal barrel. The company's technology speeds up oxidation, or a process where oxygen is introduced to a mixture. This changes the taste of the whiskey.

A small piece of wood from an oak tree, no larger than the size of a small finger, is introduced in this process. The whiskey takes on the color, smell, and taste of the wood while it spends the time in the metal barrel.

They lightly burn the oak wood in the lab before cutting it into small pieces known as microstaves. Microstaves are about 1/25,000th the size of a traditional barrel. Janousek is a material scientist and company co-founder. He said this permits them to use 97 percent less wood.

By getting rid of the barrels completely, they can avoid cutting down trees as well as the cost of storing barrels for years in climate-controlled conditions.

Because of the short amount of time their whiskey ages, Bespoken does not lose liquid to evaporation⁷. This lost liquid is known as the "angel's share." Aaron said this permits them to use 20 percent less water.

The Bespoken team runs samples in a gas chromatograph when making the whiskey. This process splits the gas into its basic parts, permitting them to know its chemical identity. Knowing its chemical identity permits them to create unique ways the drink can be used and to follow tastes, like vanilla⁸.

Michael Kudra is a top bartender at Quince in San Francisco. He said the many tastes found in whiskey is why he prefers the drink. At Reuters' request, Kudra tasted the Bespoken Spirits whiskey.

He said he clearly senses the alcohol. Then the rich taste of the deep brown color comes "right away." He then added "that alcohol starts burning your tongue." Kudra said that the whiskey would be better if it has other products added to it. A drink called a whiskey sour has egg white added to it and he said this sort of drink could cut down on the sharp notes of alcohol and bring out the whiskey notes.

Words in This Story

ferment³ – v. to go through a chemical change that results in the production of alcohol

barrel – n. a round usually wooden container with curved sides and flat ends

consumer – n. a person who buys goods and services

tend – v. used to describe what often happens or what someone often does or is likely to do

tongue – n. the soft, movable part in the mouth that is used for tasting and eating food and in human beings for speaking