VOA名师答疑2023 英语的词性和后缀(2)

（单词翻译）

Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will continue to answer Erol’s question about learning new words by using suffixes² to create adjectives and adverbs.

大家好! 本周《名师答疑》，我们继续回答埃罗尔的问题，即如何通过加后缀创造形容词和副词来学习新单词。

Hello, My name is Erol.

你好，我叫埃罗尔。

What is the best way of learning words?

学习单词最好的方法是什么？

I am very confused about this subject.

我对这个问题感到很困惑。

Can you give me some advice about learning words, please?

你能给我一些学习单词的建议吗？

Last week we looked at creating nouns and verbs by adding suffixes to words.

上周，我们学习了如何加后缀来创造名词和动词。

Now, we will create adjectives and adverbs with suffixes.

今天，我们将用后缀创造形容词和副词。

Words that add meaning to a sentence are known as content words.

给句子增加意义的词被称为实词。

Content words often appear as one of the four major parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

实词通常作为四大词类之一出现：名词、动词、形容词和副词。

Let us look at an example with all four major parts of speech: The orange cat cried loudly.

让我们来看一个包含所有四个主要词类的例句：橘猫大声哭叫。

The adjective, “orange” describes the color of the cat which is the noun.

形容词“橘色的”描述的是猫的颜色，而“猫”是名词。

Loudly is the adverb that describes the verb “cry” in the past tense.

副词“大声地”描述过去式动词“哭叫”。

We add suffixes to the end of the base form of a word to change the part of speech.

在一个词的基本形式的末尾加上后缀可以改变词性。

This way we can create several words from the base form in English.

这样就可以从基本形式中创造出好几个单词。

To change some nouns into adjectives we can use several endings: -ful, -less, -y, -al, -ic, and -ical.

要把名词变成形容词，可以用这几个后缀：-ful、-less、-y、-al、-ic和-ical。

For example: “Beauty” + suffix¹ –ful = “beautiful” Change the “y” to “i” and add the suffix –ful.

例如：“美”加后缀-ful等于“美丽的”，将y改为i，并添加后缀-ful。

The suffix -ful means having the quality of the noun.

后缀-ful的意思是具有名词表示的性质。

“Emotion” + suffix -less = “emotionless” The suffix -less means “without.”

“情感”加后缀-less等于“没有情感的”，后缀-less的意思是“没有”。

“Rain” + suffix -y = “rainy” The suffix -y means to be characterized by.

“雨”加后缀-y等于“下雨的”，后缀-y的意思是“有某种特点”。

“Organization” + suffix -al = “organizational” Keep the noun suffix -ation. And add -al, the adjective ending.

“组织”加后缀-al等于“组织上的”，名词后缀-ation保留，并加上形容词后缀-al。

This suffix means “relating to.”

这个后缀的意思是“有关的”。

“History” + suffix -ic = historic Remove the -y and add the suffix -ic.

“历史”加后缀-ic等于“历史性的”，去掉y并添加后缀-ic。

This word means important or famous in history.

这个词的意思是历史上重要的或著名的。

“History + suffix -ical = historical Remove the -y and add the suffix.

“历史”加后缀-ical等于“历史的”，去掉y并添加后缀。

This word means relating to history or past events.

这个词的意思是与历史或过去的事件有关的。

Let us move on to making adjectives from verbs!

接着看从动词变成形容词！

To turn some verbs into adjectives, we can use the suffixes -ive, -ious, -ing, -ed/-en and -able.

要把动词变成形容词，可以用后缀-ive、-ious、-ing、-ed/-en和-able。

For example: “Create” + suffix -ive = “creative” Drop the -e and add the suffix.

例如：“创造”加后缀-ve等于“有创意的”，去掉e，并添加后缀。

“Study” + suffix -ious = “studious” Drop the -y and add the suffix.

“学习”加后缀-ious等于“好学的”，去掉y，并加上后缀。

Sometimes participles are used as adjectives.

分词有时也用作形容词。

These adjectives can have a sense of either continuation or completion.

这些形容词既可以有延续的意思，也可以有完成的意思。

For example: “Cry” + suffix -ing = “crying” Keep the -y and add the suffix.

例如：“哭”加后缀-ing等于“哭泣的”，保留y，并添加后缀。

An example sentence is: The crying baby did not sleep all night.

有一个例句：哭闹的婴儿彻夜未眠。

“Shake” + suffix -en = “shaken”

“摇动”加后缀-en等于“摇匀的”，

An example of this suffix is: I often drink teas shaken with milk.

这个后缀的一个例句是：我经常把茶和牛奶摇匀了喝。

Lastly, for making adjectives from verbs, we have the suffix -able.

最后，从动词变成形容词，还有-able后缀。

It means able or possible to do.

意思是能够或可能做某事。

“Break” + suffix -able = breakable.

“打破”加后缀-able等于“可被打破的”。

This word means able to be broken.

这个词的意思是能够被打破。

Finally, many adjectives become adverbs by adding the suffix -ly.

最后，许多形容词加上后缀-ly后可以变成副词。

Creative + suffix -ly = creatively

“有创意的”加后缀-ly等于“有创意地”。

Understanding suffixes can be a path to quickly learning a lot of new content words.

理解后缀可以快速学习许多新的实词。

And that’s Ask a Teacher. I’m Faith Pirlo.

以上就是本期《名师答疑》，我是费思·皮尔洛。