VOA健康报道2023--How WHO Could Deal with Future Pandemics

（单词翻译）

How WHO Could Deal with Future Pandemics

Officials at the World Health Organization (WHO) are negotiating new rules for dealing¹ with pandemics.

The U.N. health agency's 194 member countries have set a target date of May 2024 for a legal agreement.

A new agreement is a top goal for WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. He called it a "generational commitment that we will not go back to the old cycle of panic" at the U.N. agency's yearly meeting.

The agreement seeks to improve the world's defenses against new viruses. The effort follows the worldwide spread of COVID-19, which is blamed for killing² nearly 7 million people.

What is the so-called pandemic treaty?

The WHO already has rules known as the International Health Regulations, passed in 2005. The rules explain countries' responsibilities when diseases and other public health events threaten to cross borders. WHO members approved the rules after the SARS outbreak in 2002 to 2003.

These rules are still considered good enough for local epidemics³, like Ebola, but not for a pandemic. The rules are also being reconsidered after COVID-19.

Member nations have agreed that the new agreement should have legal force like a treaty does.

It would be only the second such health agreement after the 2003 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. That treaty aims to reduce smoking through taxation⁴ and rules on labeling and advertising⁵.

However, critics have voiced their opposition⁶ to the proposed treaty on social media. Opponents say approval could lead countries to give too much power to the WHO. The WHO says governments are leading the negotiations⁷ and are free to reject the agreement.

Who supports the agreement?

The European Union proposed the agreement. The EU is considered its biggest supporter. Developing countries, especially in Africa, hope to use the negotiations to secure vaccines⁸.

After five rounds of negotiations, the latest version of the treaty still includes thousands of areas of disagreement or undecided wording. There is even disagreement over the definition of the word "pandemic." With so many member countries involved, getting agreement is likely to be difficult.

How would it work?

It is not yet clear how the 2005 rules and the new pandemic agreement might work together.

Some think that existing rules should continue to apply to local outbreaks with the new rules applying if the WHO declares a pandemic. But the WHO does not have the power to declare a pandemic.

It is also not yet clear what happens if required measures are not followed.

What other changes are possible?

Separate talks on changing the 2005 rules are also taking place. Countries are proposing about 300 amendments⁹ to the rules.

The first proposals from the United States aimed to increase transparency and permit the WHO to go more quickly to places where disease outbreaks are taking place.

Words in This Story

commitment — n. a promise to do something

cycle — n. actions or events that repeatedly happen

panic — n. a state of being seized with fear

label — n. information placed on products that explains the product, what is in it and why someone should buy it

transparency — n. a condition of being open and easy to understand