VOA健康报道2023 中暑的症状表现有哪些?
时间：2023-08-08 06:59:41
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（单词翻译）
The American Southwest is experiencing extremely high temperatures and that has health officials concerned.
美国西南部正在经历极端高温，这让卫生官员感到担忧。
Along the U.S.-Mexico border, federal agents reported 10 deaths in early July.
7月初，联邦特工报告称，美墨边境沿线有10人死亡。
Another 45 people had to be rescued from the heat.
另有45人不得不从高温中被救出。
The city of Phoenix1, Arizona may be on its way to breaking a record for most back-to-back days with a high temperature over 43 degrees Celsius2.
亚利桑那州凤凰城可能即将会打破连续几天气温超过43摄氏度的纪录。
The current record was set in 1974.
目前的纪录是1974年创下的。
Even morning low temperatures in Phoenix are tying historic records.
凤凰城甚至连早晨的低温都追平了历史纪录。
Health officials are advising people to limit how much time they spend outdoors and to know the warning signs of heat sickness.
卫生官员建议人们限制在户外活动的时间，并了解中暑的警告信号。
Common signs of heat exhaustion3 and heat stroke are heavy sweating and dizziness.
中暑的常见症状是大量出汗和头晕。
Uncontrolled muscle movements and vomiting4 are also common.
肌肉运动失控和呕吐也很常见。
Heat stroke is a serious condition that happens when the body loses its ability to control temperature.
中暑是一种严重的疾病，当身体失去控制温度的能力时就会发生中暑。
This includes losing the ability to sweat.
其中包括丧失出汗的能力。
As a person's body temperature reaches 39 degrees Celsius, their skin gets hot and red.
当人的体温达到39摄氏度时，他们的皮肤就会变得又热又红。
Their heart rate speeds up.
他们的心率加快。
Their head might hurt and they may feel sick to their stomach, feel confused or even lose consciousness.
他们的头可能会疼，他们可能会感到胃不舒服，感到混乱，甚至失去知觉。
Jon Femling is an emergency medicine doctor and scientist at the University of New Mexico.
乔恩·费姆林是新墨西哥大学的一名急诊医生兼科学家。
He told the Associated Press that the body tries to cool itself by pumping blood to the skin.
他告诉美联社，人体试图通过向皮肤泵血来降温。
Also, as a person breathes heavily, they lose fluids and become dehydrated.
此外，当人呼吸急促时，他们会失去水分并脱水。
A lot of sweating also leads to the loss of important nutrients5, such as sodium6 and potassium.
大量出汗还会导致钠和钾等重要营养素的流失。
Femling said that, at first, the muscles feel tired.
费姆林说，一开始，肌肉会感到疲惫。
Then organs like the kidneys, spleen and liver can start to become damaged and stop working.
然后，诸如肾脏、脾和肝脏之类的器官就会开始受损，停止工作。
At the most severe level, the brain becomes affected7.
在最严重的情况下，大脑会受到影响。
Experts say it is important for people to be able to recognize when others may be suffering from heat stroke.
专家表示，对人们来说，能够识别出其他人可能中暑是很重要的。
That is because people suffering from the condition might not realize they are in danger.
这是因为中暑的人可能没有意识到自己处于危险之中。
Confusion could influence their thinking.
混乱可能会影响他们的思维。
If heat stroke is suspected, call 911 for emergency services.
如果怀疑某人中暑，请拨打911寻求紧急服务。
Try to lower the person's body temperature with a cool, wet cloth or a cool bath.
试着用凉爽的湿布或洗个冷水澡来降低患者的体温。
Older people, children and those with health conditions face greater risk from high temperatures.
老年人、儿童和有健康问题的人面临更大的高温风险。
High heat puts extra pressure on the cardiovascular system.
高温会给心血管系统带来额外的压力。
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels8.
心血管系统包括心脏和血管。
During extreme heat, experts urge people to stay indoors and to seek air-conditioned buildings.
在极端炎热的天气里，专家敦促人们待在室内，寻找有空调的建筑物。
They also suggest drinking more water than usual, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and eating lighter9 meals.
他们还建议喝比平时更多的水，避免咖啡因和酒精，吃清淡的食物。
Researchers at Arizona State University (ASU) are trying to better understand the effects of extreme heat on the body.
亚利桑那州立大学的研究人员正试图更好地了解极端高温对人体的影响。
They use a special mannequin called ANDI that has about 30 sensors10.
他们使用了一个名为ANDI的特殊人体模型，它有大约30个传感器。
It is designed to operate like a human and even to sweat.
它被设计成像人一样活动，甚至可以流汗。
Jenni Vanos is a professor at ASU's School of Sustainability.
詹尼·瓦诺斯是亚利桑那州立大学可持续发展学院的教授。
She said her team is trying to understand how people deal with extreme heat.
她说，她的团队正在努力了解人们如何应对极端高温。
They use ANDI and a "warm room," where temperatures can reach 60 degrees Celsius, to study the effects of heat.
他们使用ANDI和一个温度可达60摄氏度的“温暖的房间”来研究高温的影响。
Vanos said measuring short- and long-wave radiation in the environment can tell researchers how much a surface will heat up during the day.
瓦诺斯说，测量环境中的短波和长波辐射可以告诉研究人员一个表面在白天会升温多少。
She added that means finding shade is a very important part of reducing the effects of heat on the human body.
她补充说，这意味着寻找阴凉处对于减少高温对人体影响非常重要。
Changes in weather often ease waves of extreme heat.
天气的变化通常会缓解极端高温。
In South Asia, the monsoon11 winds bring rain.
在南亚，季风带来降雨。
But in the American Southwest, the El Nino weather event this year might prevent expected summer thunderstorms.
但在美国西南部，今年的厄尔尼诺天气事件可能会阻止预期的夏季雷雨。
Sam Meltzer is a National Weather Service meteorologist.
萨姆·梅尔策是美国国家气象局的气象学家。
He said the coming weather will depend on winds from the Gulf12 of California.
他说，未来的天气将取决于来自加利福尼亚湾的风。
He added that summer storms might be delayed this year.
他补充说，今年夏季的暴风雨可能会推迟。
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