VOA新闻杂志2023 巴以冲突是如何开始的?

（单词翻译）

巴以冲突是如何开始的?

The fighting between Israelis and Hamas militants¹ is the latest clash in a conflict that some people believe dates back to events described in the Bible.

以色列和哈马斯激进分子之间的战斗是最近发生的冲突，一些人认为冲突可以追溯到圣经中描述的事件。

Over the weekend, Hamas launched a surprise attack in Israel from the Palestinian territory of Gaza.

上周末，哈马斯从巴勒斯坦领土加沙对以色列发动了突然袭击。

Hamas gunmen killed more than 1,200 people, including women and children.

哈马斯枪手打死了1200多人，其中包括妇女和儿童。

The group also took more than 150 people as hostages.

该组织还劫持了150多人作为人质。

Israel answered with airstrikes of what it said were Hamas targets in Gaza.

作为回应，以色列对加沙地带的哈马斯目标进行了空袭。

Officials in the Palestinian-controlled area said more than 1,000 have been killed, including some children.

巴勒斯坦控制地区的官员表示，已有1000多人丧生，其中包括一些儿童。

Thousands have also been wounded on both sides.

双方还有数千人受伤。

The modern conflict between Israelis and Palestinians is mainly a territorial² dispute in Palestine, an area now known as Israel, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank.

以色列人和巴勒斯坦人之间的现代冲突主要是巴勒斯坦的领土争端，包括现在的以色列、加沙地带和约旦河西岸。

Parts of the land are also considered the holiest places to Jews, Christians³ and Muslims.

这片土地的部分地区也被认为是犹太人、基督徒和穆斯林最神圣的地方。

The Roman Empire controlled the area at the time Jesus was believed to have been born in Bethlehem.

据信耶稣出生在伯利恒，当时罗马帝国控制着这片地区。

Following the death of Rome's ally, King Herod, the land was divided into five locally administered areas under Rome.

在罗马的盟友希律王去世后，这块土地被划分为罗马管辖的五个地方行政区。

Later, the land then came under the Ottoman Empire's control for about 400 years until the end of World War I.

后来，这片土地被奥斯曼帝国控制了大约400年，直到第一次世界大战结束。

After World War I, Britain controlled the area it called Palestine and expressed support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people."

第一次世界大战后，英国控制了这片地区，它当时被称为巴勒斯坦，英国表示支持“在巴勒斯坦建立犹太人的民族家园”。

In November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution dividing the British-ruled area of Palestine into two states, one Jewish and one Arab, with Jerusalem under a UN administration.

1947年11月，联合国大会通过了一项决议，将英国统治的巴勒斯坦地区分为两个国家，一个是犹太国，一个是阿拉伯国，耶路撒冷由联合国管理。

On May 14, 1948, the modern State of Israel was established for Jews fleeing persecution⁴ and seeking a homeland.

1948年5月14日，联合国为逃离迫害、寻求家园的犹太人建立了现代以色列国。

Arab countries rejected the UN plan, arguing that it was unfair and violated the UN Charter.

阿拉伯国家反对联合国的计划，认为这是不公平的，违反了联合国宪章。

In the war that followed, some 700,000 Palestinians, half the Arab population in Palestine, fled or were driven from their homes.

在随后的战争中，约70万巴勒斯坦人（占巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人口的一半）逃离或被赶出家园。

They ended up in Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria as well as in Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem.

他们最终来到了约旦、黎巴嫩和叙利亚，以及加沙、约旦河西岸和东耶路撒冷。

Israel denied that it sought to drive Palestinians from their homes.

以色列否认其试图将巴勒斯坦人赶出家园。

The new country said it was attacked by five Arab states the day after its creation.

这个新国家表示，它在成立后的第二天就遭到了五个阿拉伯国家的攻击。

Armistice⁵ agreements halted the fighting in 1949, but there was no official peace treaty.

1949年，停战协议停止了战斗，但没有正式的和平条约。

Palestinians call the creation of Israel the "Nakba" in Arabic.

巴勒斯坦人用阿拉伯语称以色列建国为“Nakba（大浩劫）”。

It means a disaster, or catastrophe⁶, that resulted in mass displacement⁷ and blocked their dreams of statehood.

它的意思是灾难，即导致大规模流离失所并阻止他们建国梦想的灾难。

In 1967, Israel launched the Six-Day War against Egypt and Syria.

1967年，以色列对埃及和叙利亚发动了六日战争。

Israel has occupied the West Bank, Arab East Jerusalem, which it captured from Jordan, and Syria's Golan Heights ever since.

自那以后，以色列占领了约旦河西岸、从约旦手中夺取的阿拉伯东耶路撒冷以及叙利亚的戈兰高地。

In 1973, Egypt and Syria attacked Israeli positions along the Suez Canal and Golan Heights, beginning the Yom Kippur War.

1973年，埃及和叙利亚袭击了苏伊士运河和戈兰高地沿线的以色列阵地，开始了赎罪日战争。

Israel pushed both armies back within three weeks.

以色列在三周内击退了这两支军队。

Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 aiming to remove Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) fighters under Yasser Arafat.

以色列于1982年入侵黎巴嫩，目的是铲除亚西尔·阿拉法特领导下的巴勒斯坦解放组织（巴解组织）战士。

In 2006, war erupted in Lebanon again when Hezbollah militants captured two Israeli soldiers and Israel retaliated⁸.

2006年，黎巴嫩再次爆发战争，真主党武装分子抓获了两名以色列士兵，以色列进行了报复。

In 1987, Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, a Palestinian refugee living in Gaza, during the first intifada, or uprising, founded Hamas.

1987年，居住在加沙的巴勒斯坦难民谢赫·艾哈迈德·亚辛在第一次起义期间创立了哈马斯。

The name in Arabic means the Islamic Resistance Movement.

这个名字在阿拉伯语中的意思是伊斯兰抵抗运动。

The group does not recognize Israel's right to exist.

该组织不承认以色列的生存权。

It has launched many deadly attacks, including suicide bombings against Israelis.

它已经发动了许多致命袭击，包括针对以色列人的自杀式炸弹袭击。

In 1997, the U.S. State Department named Hamas a terrorist organization.

1997年，美国国务院将哈马斯列为恐怖组织。

So has the European Union and other Western countries.

欧盟和其他西方国家也是如此。

In 2005, Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip, which it had captured in 1967.

2005年，以色列从其1967年占领的加沙地带撤出。

Hamas won the 2006 parliamentary elections over the Palestinian Authority and took control of Gaza.

哈马斯在2006年的议会选举中战胜了巴勒斯坦权力机构，控制了加沙地带。

The Palestinian Authority still administers the semi-autonomous, or partly self-ruling, areas of the Israeli-occupied West Bank.

巴勒斯坦权力机构仍然管理着以色列占领的约旦河西岸的部分自治地区。

Israel answered the Hamas takeover with a blockade on Gaza.

以色列对哈马斯接管加沙的回应是封锁加沙。

It restricted the movement of people and goods to keep the group from developing weapons.

它限制了人员和货物的流动，以防止该组织发展武器。

Over the years, Hamas received support from many Arab countries.

多年来，哈马斯得到了许多阿拉伯国家的支持。

Recently, it has moved closer to Iran and its allies.

最近，它与伊朗及其盟友的关系更密切。

For over 40 years, efforts have aimed to bring peace to the area.

40多年来，人们一直致力于给该地区带来和平。

In 1979, Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty.

1979年，埃及和以色列签署了一项和平条约。

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO chief Arafat agreed in 1993 to set up Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

以色列总理伊扎克·拉宾和巴解组织执委会主席阿拉法特于1993年同意在约旦河西岸和加沙地带建立巴勒斯坦自治机构。

The following year, Israel signed a peace treaty with Jordan.

第二年，以色列与约旦签署了和平条约。

In 2002, an Arab plan offered Israel normal ties with all Arab countries in return for a full withdrawal⁹ from the lands it took in the 1967 Middle East war, the creation of a Palestinian state, and a "just solution" for Palestinian refugees.

2002年，一项阿拉伯计划提议以色列与所有阿拉伯国家建立正常关系，作为回报，以色列会完全撤出在1967年中东战争中占领的土地，建立巴勒斯坦国，并为巴勒斯坦难民提供“公正的解决方案”。

The two sides, however, are far apart on most issues.

然而，双方在大多数问题上存在很大分歧。

Hamas has rejected the two-state solution.

哈马斯拒绝接受两国方案。

It has sworn to destroy Israel.

它发誓要摧毁以色列。

Israel has increasingly built new Jewish settlements on occupied land over Palestinian objections.

以色列不顾巴勒斯坦人的反对，在被占领的土地上建造越来越多新的犹太人定居点。

Palestinians want East Jerusalem to be the capital of the Palestinian state.

巴勒斯坦人希望东耶路撒冷成为巴勒斯坦国的首都。

East Jerusalem has areas that are holy to Muslims, Jews, and Christians.

东耶路撒冷有对穆斯林、犹太人和基督徒来说神圣的地区。

But Israel has established "indivisible" Jerusalem as the country's capital.

但以色列已将“不可分割”的耶路撒冷定为该国首都。

Today about 5.6 million Palestinian refugees still live in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza.

如今，约有560万巴勒斯坦难民仍生活在约旦、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、以色列占领的约旦河西岸和加沙地带。

Palestinians have long demanded that refugees should be permitted to return home.

巴勒斯坦人长期以来一直要求允许难民返回家园。

But Israel says any resettlement of Palestinian refugees must take place outside of its borders.

但以色列表示，巴勒斯坦难民必须重新定居在该国境外。

I'm Anna Matteo. And I'm Dan Novak.

安娜·马特奥、丹·诺瓦克为您共同播报。