VOA慢速英语2009-Agriculture Report - Do-It-Yourself: Growing Tom

（单词翻译）

This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.

Today we talk about tomatoes.

Tomatoes are generally easy to grow. Experts at the University of Illinois Extension suggest you start seeds indoors if the ground is still cold. For best results with the least risk, they say, plant when the soil is warm, soon after the frost-free date for your area.

Be prepared to cover early plantings during the night if there is still a risk of freeze. Black plastic mulch can help keep them warm. Better to wait until the soil is warm to use organic mulch.

When transplanting¹, use starter fertilizer.

Small plants called dwarfs² may be placed a third of a meter apart in rows. If you grow staked plants, set the sticks in the ground about half a meter apart. Some larger varieties of tomatoes may need about a meter between plants and at least a meter and a half between rows. The idea is to leave enough space for harvesting.

Work the soil to remove weeds. But do not work the soil too deeply or you could damage the tomato plants.

Water the plants regularly during long dry periods. Give them plenty of water. Plants in containers may need water daily or even more than once a day.

Some gardeners train tomato plants to grow on cages or trellises. Whatever you choose, make sure the supports are tall enough. Most modern tomato plants grow about a meter tall. Others reach almost two meters.

Experts at Purdue University Extension in Indiana say tomatoes started from seed take forty-five to ninety days till harvest. The average air temperature should be about twenty-four degrees Celsius³. In that case, you can pick the tomatoes when they are firm and fully⁴ colored. But if the weather is very hot, pick the tomatoes every day or two. Let them soften⁵ and develop their full color indoors.

There was a time when people thought tomatoes were poisonous. In fact, they are just the opposite. Tomatoes are good for you. But are they a fruit or a vegetable?

Technically⁶, a tomato is a fruit -- the fruit of the tomato plant. As the experts at AskOxford.com explain: "True fruits are developed from the ovary in the base of the flower, and contain the seeds of the plant (though cultivated forms may be seedless)." But some fruits, including tomatoes, may be called "vegetables" because they are used in savory⁷ foods instead of sweet cooking. Got that?

And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. For more advice about growing vegetables, go to voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Bob Doughty⁸.