VOA慢速英语2009年-Health Report - Debate Over New Guidelines

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This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

On Monday, an influential¹ group of medical experts released new guidelines on testing for breast cancer. The guidelines are from the United States Preventive Services Task Force. Its members are appointed by the government but its recommendations are independent.

The new guidelines appear in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

One of the biggest changes is that the task force now advises against mammograms for most women under fifty years old. In two thousand two the group had suggested such screening tests every one to two years for women forty and older.

The new guidelines also say women between fifty and seventy-four should not get mammograms every year as currently advised. The experts now recommend testing every two years for that age group.

The task force says the new recommendations are not meant for women who have an increased risk of breast cancer.

The experts also say there is not enough evidence to decide about the benefits and harms of testing women seventy-five or older.

But the group recommends against teaching women breast self-examination. It says evidence suggests that doing so does not reduce breast cancer deaths.

Mistaken test results -- called false positives -- are one problem. But another problem noted² by the task force is overdiagnosis. This is when doctors find and possibly treat cancers that would not have shortened a woman's life.

Radiation exposure from breast X-rays is another consideration, though the task force says it may be a minor³ concern.

The task force did not suggest one form of mammography over another. It says there is not enough evidence to decide about either digital mammography or magnetic resonance⁴ imaging instead of traditional film mammography.

Some doctors say the new guidelines will reduce women's chances of needless treatments, invasive tests and harm, including psychological harm. But other doctors say they worry that the changes will reduce testing and lead to more women dying from breast cancer.

The American Cancer Society says it will continue to advise women forty and older to have yearly mammograms. But breast cancer expert Susan Love says the new guidelines are similar to those of most other countries.

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Caty Weaver⁵. For more health news, go to voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Steve Ember.