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大学四级语法总结--动名词

时间:2009-12-08 08:18:25

(单词翻译:单击)

1.动名词主语
  1) 名词直接放在句首作主语。例如:

  Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.

  用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。

  2) 动名词在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词

+ doing”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。例如:

  It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

  写信给他不妥,他从来不回信。

  It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.

  抱怨是没有用的,公司是不会管的。

  3) 动名词在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词 + doing

”结构中作主语。例如:

  It is good playing chess after supper.

  晚饭后弈棋挺好。

  It is useless speaking.

  光说是没有用的。

  4) 动名词在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。例如:

  There is no denying that she is very efficient.

  她效率高是不容否认的。

  There is no telling what he is going to do.

  他要做什么一点消息都没有。

  2. 动名词作宾语

  1) 有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有:

  admit 承认 ; excuse 原谅 ; postpone1 拖延 ;anticipate 期望; fancy 想象

  practise 练习; appreciate 欣赏; finish 完成; prevent 防止; avoid 避免;

  forbid 禁止; propose 建议; consider 考虑; forgive 宽恕; recollect2 回忆;

  delay 耽搁; imagine 想象; resent 厌恶; deny 否认; involve 涉及;

  resist 抵制; detest3 厌恶; keep 保留; risk 冒险; dislike 讨厌; mind 在意;

save 挽救; dread4 害怕; miss 错过; suggest 建议; enjoy 喜欢; pardon 原谅;

  understand 理解; escape 逃避;permit 允许

  例如:

  I recommend buying the dictionary.

  我建议买这本词典。

  I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition5.

  我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。

  Will you admit having broken the window?

  你承认不承认打破了窗户?

  2) 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有:

  can’t stand 忍不住; can’t help 忍不住; feel like 想,欲;

  give up 放弃; put off 推迟

  例如:

  He put off making a decision till he had more information.

  在获得详情之前,他没有急于作出决定。

  Do you feel like taking a walk?

  你要不要去散步?

  3) 动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有:instead of, look

forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。

  例如:

  We are looking forward to coming to China.

  我们期待着来中国。

  We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.

  我们终于克服了所有的困难。

  4) 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time)

(+in) + 动名词; be busy (in) + 动名词;waste time (in) + 动名词;lost time (in) + 动

名词;There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中,动名词做介词宾语,in常要省去。例如:

  The children are busy doing their homework.

  孩子们忙于做作业。

  There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.

  再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。

  5) 在复合宾语中,用it作形式宾语,将动名词短语放在后面。例如:

  I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.

  我认为辩论这事是很浪费时间的。

  6) 在“there be”结构当中,be为动名词时,该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词形式。例

如:

  We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it.

  我们可以想象到人们对此大惊小怪。

  Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts?

  你对没有更多的礼物感到失望吗?

  3. 动名词的被动式

  1) 动词need, require, want, deserve后,用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法

相当于不定式的被动结构。例如:

  The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.)

  这块表需要修理。

  The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deservers to be thought about.)

  这个问题值得考虑。

  2) 在(be)worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。例如:

  His suggestion is worth considering.

  他的提议值得考虑。


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1 postpone rP0xq     
v.延期,推迟
参考例句:
  • I shall postpone making a decision till I learn full particulars.在未获悉详情之前我得从缓作出决定。
  • She decided to postpone the converastion for that evening.她决定当天晚上把谈话搁一搁。
2 recollect eUOxl     
v.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得
参考例句:
  • He tried to recollect things and drown himself in them.他极力回想过去的事情而沉浸于回忆之中。
  • She could not recollect being there.她回想不起曾经到过那儿。
3 detest dm0zZ     
vt.痛恨,憎恶
参考例句:
  • I detest people who tell lies.我恨说谎的人。
  • The workers detest his overbearing manner.工人们很讨厌他那盛气凌人的态度。
4 dread Ekpz8     
vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧
参考例句:
  • We all dread to think what will happen if the company closes.我们都不敢去想一旦公司关门我们该怎么办。
  • Her heart was relieved of its blankest dread.她极度恐惧的心理消除了。
5 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对,敌对
参考例句:
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。