VOA慢速英语2010年-AMERICAN MOSAIC - National Women's Hal

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Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC¹ in VOA Special English.

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I'm Doug Johnson. This week ...

A show about prizes, awards, honors -- and about some people who have won them recently.

Plus, the answer to a listener question about an American Nobel laureate from many years ago.

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National Women's Hall of Fame

HOST:

Forty years ago, the community of Seneca Falls, New York, decided² to create a hall of fame for women. The town was the birthplace of the women's rights movement. Shirley Griffith tells about the National Women's Hall of Fame and some of its new members.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH:

In eighteen forty-eight, three hundred women and men gathered in Seneca Falls for the first Women's Rights Convention. Among them were feminist³ leaders Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

The delegates passed a declaration calling for voting rights for women, among other demands. Seventy-two years later the nineteenth amendment⁴ to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote.

In nineteen sixty-nine, the people of Seneca Falls wanted to honor the women who took part in the struggle. So they established the National Women's Hall of Fame. Ten years later, the group had raised enough money to buy a historic bank building to house the Hall of Fame.

There are more than two hundred women in the National Women's Hall of Fame today. They include teachers, doctors, artists and athletes. There are also pilots, social activists⁵, comedians⁶, politicians, poets and builders.

The National Women's Hall of Fame announced ten new members on March second to honor National Women's History Month. They will be inducted into the Hall of Fame in October.

Louise Bourgeois⁷

One of them is Louise Bourgeois, a ninety-seven year old artist in New York City. Her best known works are huge sculptures of spiders. Her art has been exhibited in major museum collections around the world.

Another new member of the Hall of Fame has been fighting to help victims of abuse for more than thirty years. Susan Kelly-Dreiss grew up in a violent home. She started her career by helping⁸ to set up a shelter for abused women. Later she helped gain passage of the first law against domestic violence in the state of Pennsylvania. Now, Miz Kelly-Dreiss works on the issue at the national level.

Susan Solomon is an international leader in atmospheric⁹ science. She developed the theory explaining how and why the ozone¹⁰ hole happens over Antarctica. She also got some of the first chemical measurements that showed man-made chlorofluorocarbons caused the hole. Miz Solomon served as one of the leaders of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This group shared the Nobel Peace Prize with former American Vice¹¹ President Al Gore¹² in two thousand seven.

Other new members include Emma Lazarus, the great nineteenth century Jewish poet. Her famous poem is on the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. Scientist Mildred Cohen also will be inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Her biological research has won many awards including a National Medal of Science.

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Sinclair Lewis and the Nobel Prize

HOST:

Our listener question this week comes from Bosnia. Danijel Djordjic wants to know who was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Sinclair Lewis

That prize was awarded to Sinclair Lewis in nineteen thirty. Lewis wrote novels, plays and short stories. He was honored for his art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new kinds of characters.

Sinclair Lewis' novels are darkly funny examinations of American society and culture. "Main Street," from nineteen twenty, tells about the conflict and cooperation among people in a small town and the rural community around it. The Nobel Prize committee said the book provides one of the best descriptions of small town life ever written.

"Babbitt," from nineteen twenty-two, humorously criticizes America's desire for goods and its sales industry. The Nobel committee called George Babbitt the popular hero of the American middle class.

Sinclair Lewis' novel "Elmer Gantry" is about a Christian¹³ clergyman who does not obey the morals he professes¹⁴. He uses religion to get women and make himself rich. The Nobel committee said the book "is like a surgical¹⁵ operation on one of the most delicate parts of the social body."

These books were hugely popular. One hundred eighty thousand copies of "Main Street" were sold in the first six months after it was published. Millions more were sold in the years that followed. However, the way the writer presented Americans and their values angered some American religious leaders and literary critics.

Sinclair Lewis discussed this criticism in the speech he gave when accepting the Nobel Prize. He said most American writers and readers were "still afraid of any literature which is not a glorification¹⁶ of everything American, a glorification of our faults as well as our virtues¹⁷." But, he also said he had "every hope and eager belief" for the future of American literature. He named many young American writers at the time who he said were working without fear of the critic. He said these writers were true to themselves in their work and were full of passion for it.

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Stevie Wonder and the Gershwin Prize

HOST:

Last month, President Obama presented Stevie Wonder the Library of Congress' Gershwin Prize for Popular Song. The celebration of Stevie Wonder's music was held at the White House. Katherine Cole has more.

KATHERINE COLE:

Stevie Wonder

President Obama and his wife have been fans of Stevie Wonder's music since they were very young. In fact, Mister Obama told the gathering¹⁸ that Michelle probably would not have dated him if they had not agreed on Stevie Wonder.

The musician has been writing, singing, and playing music almost all his life. He was born in Saginaw, Michigan, in nineteen fifty and became blind shortly after birth. His family moved to Detroit when he was three. He learned to play harmonica, drums and piano at a very young age. Stevie first sang in church.

He was signed by Motown Records and began his recording¹⁹ career at age twelve as "little Stevie Wonder." Here is "Uptight²⁰ (Everything's Alright)," a hit from his late teenage years.

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Many musical stars came out to celebrate Stevie Wonder and perform his music at a special concert at the White House on February twenty-fifth. Among them were jazz musician Diana Krall, who sang "Blame It On the Sun." Hip-hop artist will.i.am performed "Master Blaster (Jammin')." Paul Simon, who won the first Gershwin Prize in two thousand seven, performed "If It's Magic." Here is Stevie Wonder with that same song from nineteen seventy-six.

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The Gershwin Prize for Popular Song is named for the songwriting team of George and Ira Gershwin. It honors an American composer or performer. The Librarian of Congress James Billington said Stevie Wonder has crossed musical and cultural borders and given to humanity in ways far beyond entertainment.

We leave you with Stevie Wonder performing "Superstition," from his nineteen seventy-two album "Talking Book."

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HOST:

I'm Doug Johnson. I hope you enjoyed our program today.

It was written and produced by Caty Weaver²¹. Join us again next week for AMERICAN MOSAIC, VOA's radio magazine in Special English.