高中英语人教版必修5 05

（单词翻译）

[00:09.59]Reading
[00:11.76]FIRST AID FRO BURNS
[00:15.20]The skin is an essential part of your body
[00:19.12]and your body's largest organ.
[00:21.68]You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases¹,
[00:26.75]poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
[00:29.78]Your skin also keeps you warm or cool;
[00:33.20]it prevents your body from losing water;
[00:36.15]it is where you feel cold, heat or pain;
[00:39.42]and it giver you your sense of touch.
[00:42.06]So, as you can imagine,
[00:44.51]if you skin gets burned,
[00:45.95]it can be very serious.
[00:48.22]First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.
[00:53.47]Causes of burns
[00:56.61]You can get burned by :
[00:59.43]hot liquids, steam, fire , radiation
[01:04.68](by being close to high hear or fire),
[01:08.05]the sun, electricity and chemicals.
[01:11.99]Types of burns
[01:14.95]There are three types of burns.
[01:17.58]Burns are called first degree,
[01:20.51]second degree or third degree burns,
[01:23.85]depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
[01:27.09]First degree burns  these affect only the top layer of the skin.
[01:34.07]These burns are not serious and should fell better within a day or two.
[01:38.61]Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching² a hot pan³ or icon⁴ for a moment.
[01:45.85]Second degree burns
[01:49.01]these affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.
[01:53.66]These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal⁵.
[01:57.63]Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
[02:03.56]Third degree burns
[02:05.91]these affect all three layers of the skin
[02:09.33]and any tissue⁶ and organs under the skin.
[02:12.49]Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,
[02:16.54]burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.
[02:20.09]These burns are very severe injuries
[02:23.26]and the victim must get to a hospital at once.
[02:26.39]Characteristics of burns
[02:31.64]First degree burns
[02:33.68]Dry, red and mildly swollen⁷
[02:36.73]Mildly painful
[02:38.88]Second degree burns
[02:43.84]Rough, red and swollen
[02:46.19]Blisters⁸
[02:47.86]Extremely painful
[02:51.31]Third degree burns
[02:54.24]Little or no pain if nerves⁹ are damaged;
[03:04.40]may be pain around edge of injured area
[03:07.66]first aid treatment
[03:11.71]1. Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.
[03:18.97]Take off other clothing and jewellery near burns.
[03:23.42]2. Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.
[03:26.48]It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.
[03:32.69](The cool water stops the burning process,
[03:35.98]stops the pain and prevents or reduces swelling¹⁰. )
[03:39.82]Do not put cold water on third degree burns.
[03:44.37]3. For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them
[03:51.45]until the pain is not so bad.
[03:54.09]For second degree burns,
[03:56.73]keep cloths on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.
[04:10.36]4. Dry the burned area gently.
[04:10.47]Do not rub¹¹,
[04:12.01]as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
[04:16.87]5. Cover the burned area with a dry,
[04:21.54]clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.
[04:25.20]Hold the bandage in place with tape.
[04:27.76]Never put butter, oil or ointments¹² on burns
[04:32.02]as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
[04:36.56]6. if burns are on arms or legs,
[04:42.49]keep them higher than the heart,
[04:44.71]if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.
[04:49.47]7. If the injuries are second degree or third degree burns ,
[04:49.47]get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
[04:53.41]Using Language
[04:59.92]Reading and discussing
[05:02.34]HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD
[05:06.47]Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson,
[05:10.83]was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown
[05:14.96]for carrying out lifesaving first aid on his neighbour

[05:19.19]after a shocking¹³ knife attack.
[05:21.60]John was presented with his award at a ceremony
[05:26.56]which recognized the bravery of ten people
[05:29.20]who had saved the life of another.
[05:31.63]John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
[05:35.78]When he and his father rushed outside,
[05:38.66]a man ran from the scene.
[05:40.69]They discovered that Anne Slade,
[05:43.57]mother of three, had been stabbed¹⁴ repeatedly¹⁵ with a knife.
[05:47.41]She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.
[05:52.16]Her hands had almost been cut off.
[05:55.40]It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.
[06:02.06]He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages,
[06:06.82]out when nobody could put their hands on any,
[06:09.82]his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.
[06:13.89]John used these to dress the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.
[06:19.64]He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
[06:26.25]"I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught,"
[06:33.20]John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.
[06:38.48]When congratulating John,
[06:40.83]Mr Alan Southerton, Director or the Young Lifesaver Scheme said,
[06:45.24]"There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and school saved Ms Slade's life .
[06:52.40]It shows that a know ledge¹⁶ of first aid can make a real difference."
[06:56.94]Before receiving their awards last night,
[07:00.37]John and the nine other Life Savers
[07:03.00]attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister