高中英语人教版高二下课文10

（单词翻译）

[00:02.00]考古学
[00:04.00]Speak 1 Work with your partner and practise the following dialogue.
[00:07.68]说 1 和一个伙伴一起练习下在的对话。
[00:11.36]Student A talks about a topic he or she is interested in,
[00:14.25]学生A谈论他感兴趣的话题，
[00:17.14]while Student B gives suggestions.
[00:19.57]学生B给出一些建议。
[00:22.00]I'd like to know more about life as it was two hundred years ago.
[00:24.96]我想知道更多的关于两百年前的生活。
[00:27.92]Well.You can read some books about that.Why?
[00:31.01]嗯，你可以读一些那方面的书。为什么？
[00:34.09]I wonder what life was like in small towns in our province.
[00:36.75]我想知道我们省小城镇的生活是什么样的。
[00:39.42]Hmm.You could visit a local museum and study what archaeologists found.
[00:43.49]嗯，你以参观当地博物馆，看看考古学家的发现。
[00:47.57]No,I'm not interested in broken pots and vases.
[00:50.60]不，我对破碎的瓶瓶罐罐不感兴趣。
[00:53.63]I'd love to know what people talked about and how they really lived.
[00:56.52]我想知道人们谈论些什么，他们究竟怎样生活。
[00:59.40]That may be difficult to find out.
[01:01.53]那可能会有点难。
[01:03.66]What I'd really like to find out
[01:05.54]我真正想知道的是人们是否和我们一样
[01:07.42]is whether people would sometimes want to go on a holiday,as we do.
[01:10.00]有时想去度假等等诸如些类的事情。
[01:12.57]That sort of thing.
[01:15.44]READING   THE KING OF STONEHENGE
[01:19.57]阅读  巨石柱国王
[01:23.70]On May 3,2002,archaeologists in England
[01:26.66]2002年5月3日，英国考古学家
[01:29.63]found a grave² of a man dating back to around 2300 BC.
[01:33.10]发现一座大约公元前2，300年的一个男人的坟墓。
[01:36.57]When he died,the man was about 40 years old.
[01:38.95]他死的时候大约40岁。
[01:41.33]He was buried on his left side with his face to the north.
[01:44.06]安葬时，左侧身面向北方。
[01:46.79]The tests on his teeth show that he spent his youth in central Europe,
[01:49.73]通过对牙齿进行检测，可以肯定了在欧洲中部度过童年，
[01:52.67]perhaps Germany.
[01:54.13]也许是在德国。
[01:55.59]Buried with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior³.
[01:57.96]陪葬品是猎人或者武士的一些工具。
[02:00.32]Some of the objects found in the grave
[02:02.31]坟墓里发现的物品
[02:04.29]give us an idea of how he was dressed when he was buried.
[02:06.81]使我们知道他被埋葬时的装束。
[02:09.33]There was a bone pin that may have been
[02:11.25]一枚骨钉可能是从一件衣服
[02:13.17]from a piece of clothing such as leather coat.
[02:15.59]（如皮外套）上掉下来的。
[02:18.00]He carried a copper⁴ knife on his breast.
[02:20.03]他胸前带着一把铜刀。
[02:22.05]The most amazing find was tow¹ gold earrings⁶.
[02:24.39]最令人惊叹的是发现了两个金耳环。
[02:26.73]That would have made him a man of distinction.
[02:30.67]Only a few centimetres from his head were two pots made of clay,
[02:37.05]tools and materials to make arrows,
[02:41.49]a bow and a dozen arrows for hunting and a second,
[02:46.95]smaller copper knife.
[02:50.61]Next to them lay a cushion stone,upon which the man could work metal.
[02:53.94]旁边有一块垫石，这个人能在在面做金属活。
[02:57.27]Everything found in the man's grave was probably given to him
[03:00.10]坟墓里发现的一切可能是留给他下辈子的生活用品，
[03:02.94]for his use in the next life.
[03:06.78]It was all that a person would need to survive
[03:09.05]是一个人生存所需要的一切-
[03:11.32]-clothing,tools,weapons,pottery and spare materials to make new tools.
[03:15.55]衣服、工具、武器、陶器和制造新工具需要的备用材料。
[03:19.78]The discovery is important for a variety of reasons.
[03:22.27]很多原因都说明了这一发现很重要。
[03:24.75]His grave is the richest of any found from that period.
[03:27.87]他的坟墓是那个时代发现的最富有的一个，
[03:30.99]This was a time when the first metals were brought to Britain.
[03:33.72]这正是首批金属运往英国的时期。
[03:36.45]and this man was buried with two gold earring⁵
[03:38.88]这个人埋葬时的两个金耳环
[03:41.31]which are the oldest gold ever found in Britain(dated to 2470 BC).
[03:45.63]是迄今为止英国发现的最古老的黄金（公元前2，470年）。

[03:49.96]He was important for another reason:
[03:51.93]另一个原因也说明很重要：
[03:53.90]he was buried three miles from Stonehenge
[03:56.17]他埋葬在离巨石柱三英里的地方，
[03:58.45]at the time when the great stones were being brought to Salisbury to build it.
[04:01.48]正是这些巨大的石头被运往索尔兹伯里来修建巨石柱时埋葬的。
[04:04.51]Archaeologists tend to believe that this man was a member of a powerful class
[04:07.89]考古学家倾向于认为这个人是统治阶级的一个成员，
[04:11.27]that may well have organised the construction of Stonehenge.
[04:13.90]也许正是他组织巨石柱的建筑工作。
[04:16.52]For these reasons,this man has been called the King of Stonehenge.
[04:19.64]基于这些原因，这个人一直被叫做巨石柱国王。
[04:22.77]Stonehenge was begun around 3000 BC.
[04:25.29]巨石柱大约始建于公元前3，000年，
[04:27.81]In about 2300 BC the huge stone circles were built.
[04:31.35]大约公元前2，300年巨石柱被建成。
[04:34.89]The biggest stones weight approximately 20 tons
[04:37.37]最大的石块重达20吨，
[04:39.85]and came from a place not very far.
[04:42.28]来自不远的地方。
[04:44.71]But the smaller blue stones,stil weighing four tons on average,
[04:47.79]但是小的蓝色石块每块也有四吨重，
[04:50.87]came from west Wales.
[04:52.70]都来自威尔士西部。
[04:54.53]It is not yet known how these were conveyed⁷ over a distance of 380 kilometres.
[04:58.46]还不知道这些石块是怎样运过380公里路程的。
[05:02.39]It is also a mystery how early man was able to construct Stonehenge
[05:05.63]早期人类是怎样在既没有现代的建筑机器，
[05:08.87]without the use of modern construction machines and lorries.
[05:11.65]也没有马力情况下修建巨石柱也是一件神秘的事情。
[05:14.44]It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones:
[05:17.56]可能巨石柱国王就和这些石块有关：
[05:20.68]he may have had a hand in planning the monument,
[05:23.30]他也许掌管了这座纪念物的规划
[05:25.93]or in helping⁸ transport and pull up the stones.
[05:28.52]或者帮助运输和拖巨石。
[05:31.10]Perhaps the most important fact about the King of Stonehenge
[05:33.83]关于巨石柱国王最重要的事实也许就是他来自中欧。
[05:36.56]is that his homeland was somewhere in Central Europe.
[05:41.11]He is an example of people who brought culture
[05:43.54]人们把欧洲大陆把文化和新技术带到英国，
[05:45.97]and new techniques from the European mainland⁹ to Britain.
[05:48.55]他就是一个例子。
[05:51.14]In terms of technical development,
[05:53.06]就技术发展而言，
[05:54.98]pople were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age.
[05:57.41]当时人们正经过石器时代到铜器时代。
[05:59.84]In the Stone Age most tools were made of stone.
[06:02.32]大多数的工具是用石头做的。
[06:04.80]In the Bronze Age,people could make tools of copper and bronze,but not iron.
[06:08.29]在铜器时代，他们能够制作各种金属例如铜和青铜，但不能制作铁。
[06:11.77]Iron came later,in what was called the Iron Age.
[06:14.65]后来才有铁，就是我们所说的铁器时时代。
[06:17.52]At first it was thought that the skills to make copper and bronze objects
[06:20.55]首先人们认为这是经过了战争和武装冲突，
[06:23.58]spread to Britain was through war and armed conflict,
[06:28.94]but it is now believed to have happened through trade and cultural links.
[06:32.07]但是现在人们相信是通过贸易和文化交流。
[06:35.21]The King of Stonehenge came with the skills to make metal,
[06:37.73]巨石柱国王带来了制作金属的技术，
[06:40.25]and that would have given him a high status in the eyes of local people.
[06:43.28]在当地人眼中拥有崇高的地位。
[06:46.31]Some of the artefacts in his grave came from remote places.
[06:48.99]他墓中的有些人工制品来自很远的地方。
[06:51.66]It has been proved that the copper knives came from places as distant as Spain
[06:54.99]铜刀已经被证明来自西班牙
[06:58.32]and western France.The gold jewellery came from Europe too.
[07:01.30]和法国西部。黄金首饰也来自欧洲。
[07:04.28]INTEGRATING SKILLS
[07:07.70]综合技巧
[07:11.12]Reading  ROOTS OF CHINESE CUL TURE
[07:13.35]阅读  中国文化的根源
[07:15.57]Jinsha Village near Chengdu,in southwest Sichuan province,
[07:18.70]2001年，位于四川省西南部、成都附近的金沙村
[07:21.84]became famous all over China in 2001

[07:24.76]成为全中国著名的村庄。
[07:27.69]Construction workers from a local company were building roads there.
[07:30.61]当时本地一家公司的建设工人正在那里修建公路。
[07:33.54]On February 8,they found ivory¹⁰ and jade¹¹ in the mud.
[07:36.72]2月8日，他们在地下发现了象牙和玉器。
[07:39.91]Soon,the police arrived and closed the site.
[07:42.64]不久，警方赶到并关闭了现场。
[07:45.37]Since then,archaeologists have found more than a thousand artefacts,
[07:48.75]从此，考古学家发现了一千多件文物，
[07:52.14]including gold,jade,bronze and stone objects
[07:55.31]包括：金器、铜器、和石器，
[07:58.48]as well as a large quantity of ivory
[08:00.97]以及大量的至少来自500头大象的象牙。
[08:03.45]that must have come from at least 500 elephants.
[08:08.88]The ivory and animal bones that were found will serve as important materials
[08:12.45]发掘的象牙和动物骨骼成为研究当地古代地理、
[08:16.01]for the study of local geography,
[08:18.08]气候和环境的重要材料。
[08:20.14]climate and the environment in ancient times.
[08:25.10]Many of the relics¹² look very much like those found at Sanxingdui.
[08:28.42]许多文物看上去和三星堆发现的很像，
[08:31.74]For example,a gold mask and a bronze statue of a man
[08:35.00]例如，一件金面具和铜立人像
[08:38.27]remind visitors of the bronze masks and big bronze statues at Sanzingdui
[08:42.66]使人参观者想到三星堆出土的铜面具和铜立人像，
[08:47.05]because of their similar style.
[08:48.82]因为它们造型风格上相差无几。
[08:50.60]Among the many jade objects found at Jinsha,
[08:53.38]在金沙发掘的很多玉器中，
[08:56.16]one piece,called a cong by ancient Chinese,
[08:59.04]一件中国古代称作“琮”的玉器
[09:01.91]was not made in Sichuan.
[09:03.84]并非四川制造。
[09:05.78]It was transported ther from the lower area of the Yangtze River.
[09:08.95]而是长江下游地区运来的。
[09:12.12]Other relics discovered at Jinsha made archaeologists believe that Sichuan
[09:15.61]金沙发掘的其它文物使考古学家相信四川
[09:19.10]not only had trade links with the Yangtze
[09:21.62]不仅和长江、黄河流域、
[09:24.14]and Yellow River valleys,
[09:27.69]Yunnan and Guizhou provinces,but also with northern Vietnam.
[09:31.08]云南以及贵州省有贸易往来，而且和越南北部也有贸易联系。
[09:34.46]Before the discoveries,
[09:36.24]在发现这些文物以前，
[09:38.01]it was believed that Sichuan only had a history of about 2,300 years.
[09:41.89]人们一直认为四川只有大约2，300年历史。
[09:45.77]Now,archaeologists think that the Jinsha Ruins
[09:48.71]现在，考古学家认为金沙遗址
[09:51.65]may have been the political and cultural centre of the ancient Shu Kingdom,
[09:55.47]可有曾是约3000年前从三星堆
[09:59.30]which moved from Sanxingdui to Chengdu about 3,000 years ago.
[10:02.84]迁到成都的古蜀王国的政治文化中心。
[10:06.38]Sanxingdui was first discovered by farmers.
[10:08.90]三星堆首先是农民发现的。
[10:11.42]In the spring of 1929,a farmer in today's Nanxing Town,
[10:15.00]1929年春，一个农民（今天南兴镇）在地里劳动时，
[10:18.58]was working in the fields,when his son dug up a round piece of jade.
[10:22.30]他的儿子挖掘到一件圆形玉器，
[10:26.02]They found a hole filled with more than 400 jade objects.
[10:29.29]他们发现一个坑装有400多种玉器。
[10:32.56]Local teachers and officials came to his home,
[10:35.09]当地老师和官员来到他家，
[10:37.62]but none of them could say in which dynasty the jade objects were made.
[10:41.01]但谁也说不清这些玉器出自哪个朝代。
[10:44.39]In 1953,Yan Kaizong accompanied his grandfather
[10:48.07]1953年，严开宗陪伴着祖父把这些文物交给了政府。
[10:51.76]when he gave the relics from the ruins to the state.
[10:56.93]It was four o'clock in the afternoon
[10:59.15]下午四点他和祖父来到广汉博物馆，
[11:01.37]when he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan,
[11:07.72]where an official warmly received them.
[11:09.90]受到官员热情接待。
[11:12.08]"My grandpa told us not to keep things that don't belong to us.
[11:15.30]“我们不要留下不属于我们的东西。
[11:18.53]I believe what he said,"said Yan kaizong.
[11:21.12]我相信他说的话。”严开宗说。
[11:23.70]Since 1929,more than 10,000 relics dating back to between 5000 BC

[11:27.78]自从1929年以来，公元前5000年和3000年间的
[11:31.85]and 3000 BC have been discovered.
[11:34.19]大约10，000多件文物被发掘出来。
[11:36.53]The Sanxingdui Ruins Site covers a vast area of about 12 square kilometres.
[11:40.55]三星堆遗址占地面积广，大约12平方千米。
[11:44.57]From March to August 1986,
[11:46.85]从1986年三月到八月，
[11:49.12]archaeologists of the History Department of Sichuan University,
[11:52.20]四川大学历史系的考古学家、
[11:55.28]Sichuan Archaeological Research institute
[11:57.81]四川考古研究所
[12:00.33]and the city of Guanghan dug 53 holes.
[12:03.15]和广汉市发掘了53个坑。
[12:05.97]When the work was finished,over 1,200 pieces,
[12:09.09]发掘工作结束后，共发现1，200多件文物，
[12:12.21]including bronze and gold masks,
[12:14.59]包括；青铜和金面具、
[12:16.97]bronze objects and images,jade amd ivory had been found.
[12:20.35]青铜器和青铜器和青铜铸像、玉器以及象牙器。
[12:23.73]Archeologists will continue their work,
[12:25.81]考古学家对三星堆遗址的发掘
[12:27.89]digging at the Sanxingdui Ruins from 2003 until 2010.
[12:31.82]从2003一直持续到2010年。
[12:35.75]They hope to discover some of the mysterious palaces,
[12:38.64]他们希望发现一些神秘的宫殿、
[12:41.52]tombs of kings and bronze and jade workshops.
[12:44.30]国王的坟墓以及青铜器作坊。
[12:47.09]Integrating Skills
[12:56.65]Reading   Threats to our national treasures
[13:02.39]People have always had interest in the past.
[13:07.67]Professor Xu,
[13:10.83]what are the most important dangers to our archaeological treasures?
[13:17.00]They get damaged or lost.It's a matter of education.
[13:22.77]People fail to take the right steps when something is found.
[13:28.02]Fortunately,the government
[13:31.55]has helped spreading the basic knowledge among the population,
[13:36.61]telling what is to be done when an archaeological find is made.
[13:41.76]What does that knowledge consist of?
[13:45.84]Well,when something is found,
[13:49.99]construction work must be stopped and the police should be told about the find.
[13:56.34]That is to make sure that no further damage will be done.
[14:01.20]Does it still happen that people do not report things they find?
[14:06.76]yes,indeed.They doubt whether it is necessary to do so.
[14:13.52]It sometimes happens that a find is not very valuable.
[14:18.57]They are afraid that they would make scientists come for nothing.
[14:24.03]Are ther other reasons why people odn't report their finds?
[14:29.49]Oh yes.People are afraid that archaeologists may take a real interest in the site
[14:36.56]and spend many weeks or months digging around at it.
[14:41.82]That would result in farmers missing¹³ the right opportunity to plant crops
[14:47.88]or construction work to be stopped for a long time.
[14:52.73]They don't realise that they should not weigh their own business interest
[14:58.77]against our national history.
[15:02.71]If it is so important to dig things up and collect them,
[15:08.07]then why are archaeologists worried that other people dig up artefacts
[15:14.23]and give them to museums or add them
[15:19.20]to their own private archaeological collections?
[15:24.24]Archaeology is a professional discipline.
[15:29.07]Years of training and experience are needed.
[15:33.51]It is not just about finding¹⁴ things and digging them up.
[15:38.06]The field work must be done very carefully.
[15:42.52]Of every find there needs to be a written record,
[15:47.88]to which a photograph must be added.
[15:51.82]The records must also state exactly what was found,
[15:56.87]where it was found and when.
[16:00.71]The outdoor work is followed by work in the lab,
[16:05.56]cleaning,restoring and identifying each artefact.
[16:10.81]Finally,when all is done,
[16:14.58]an analysis must be written and published in a magazine or a book.
[16:19.91]Are there any other dangers,natural disasters perhaps?
[16:25.76]Unfortunately there are treasur ehunters:
[16:30.72]people who search for valuable objects,
[16:34.66]especially jewelery and gold.They are the worst.
[16:40.02]History does not need to fear nature very much

[16:44.67]What has been buried has often been buried well.
[16:49.92]It is often human digging that causes the loss of valuable materials.
[16:56.40]it may seem a contradiction,but leaving things as they are
[17:01.75]would often be the best way of keeping things for the generations to come