Unit 3 虚拟语气(十)
28. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. Had it not been B. Weren't it C. It were not D. Had not it been
29. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea. A. isn't B. weren't C. wasn't D. hadn't been
30. If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now. A. wouldn't be smiling B. won't smile C. couldn't have smiled D. didn't smile
答案: 28. A 译文:要不是你偷懒,你现在就已经完成任务了。 本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中,意为“要不是… … ”。If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设,从本句的主句来判断,这是一与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将were, had, should 等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面,用倒装结构。如果句中没有were , had 或should 时,既不能省略if ,也不能倒装。
29. B 译文:要是不太麻烦的话,就给我来杯茶吧。 本句涉及if条件句中的虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设。在与现在事实相反的非真实条件句中,主句中的谓语动词用“should (第一人称)+动词原形,would (第二、三人称)+动词原形”,但在美国英语中,主句所有人称都用would。主句中也用“could 或might+动词原形”。
30. A 译文:当你掉下来时,如果不是我在梯子下面把你接住,恐怕约就不会这样笑了。 本句涉及if 引导的混合型虚拟条件句。通常情况下,在非真实条件句中的主句和从句所指时间是一致的,但有时也指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。本句中,从句是对过去发生事情的假设,主句是对现在情况的假设。 |