托福语法讲解:时态(在线收听) |
托福语法讲解:时态 英语和汉语的显著区别之一就是英语有时态之分,不同的时态通过谓语动词、助动词的不同形式, 以及句中的时间状语来体现。TOEFL最常考的两种时态是现在完成时和一般过去时.
第一节 现在完成时
现在完成时的形式可概括为:have /has (用于第三人称单数) done /been
如:She's just gone out.
They have already finished the task.
I haven't met him recently
Has he told you about the accident?
现在完成时用于表示说话之前已发生的动作但对现在仍有影响,或是由过去某点延续至说话时的动作,完成时有一些标志性的时间状语,如:already, yet, just, ever, since, for,so far, up to now, in the past years等
TOEFL考试中改错题的考察重点是since, 如句中有since引导的时间状语,相应的谓语动词必然是现在完成时,反之要注意句中的时间状语是否符合完成时的要求,若不符,大多改为since
第二节 一般过去时
一般过去时的基本特征是谓语动词使用过去式(was /were /did),主要用于表示过去发生的事情,如:
She used to play tennis every week.
When did you go to bed last night?
Was he on the spot?
一般过去时的标志词为表示过去的时间状语,如:
ago, last year, yesterday, just now, at first, in the end, in 1887等
第三节 其他重要时态
一、一般现在时
一般现在时用于表示经常往复的动作或自然现象、客观事实等,其难点在于主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词(be除外)结尾需加-s, 其变化规则和名词变复数一样。而且句子的否定式、疑问式需借助do, does. 此时态的标志词有:often, always, never, usually, every day等
如: He often plays tennis after school.
The moon moves around the earth every day.
二、现在进行时
现在进行时主要用于描述说话时正在进行的动作,基本形式为:be doing,其标志词为:now, right now, at the moment等.
如: At the moment the representatives are discussing the current international affairs.
The water is boiling.
三、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时是进行时和完成时的组合,即:have /has been doing,主要强调从过去一直持续到现在仍在进行的动作
如: The orchestra have been rehearsing since this morning.
The child has been crying since his mother left.
四、过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去的某一时间正在发生的动作,基本形式:was /were doing, 标志形时间状语有: 10 o'clock yesterday evening, last night等, 另外当从句是表示过去时间的时间状语从句时, 主句中动词常用过去进行时, 表示“当…的时候, …正在做…”.
如: What were you doing 8 o'clock yesterday morning?
I was working on the last question when the teacher asked us to turn in our papers.
五、过去完成时
现在完成时表示在说话(现在)之前发生的动作, 而过去完成时强调在过去某个时间点之前发生的事件,基本形式:had been/ done, 其标志性的时间状语有: by (before) 12 o'clock last night等, 或者当主句的动作发生在从句之前, 而从句的谓语又是过去时时.
如: He had finished his work by (before) 9 o'clock yesterday evening.
I had tried this brand of ice cream before you introduced it to me.
六、一般将来时
一般将来时用于表示将来即将发生的动作,基本形式:shall /will do, 或be going to do, 其标志性时间状语有: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, the next week, the next year等.
如: The play will be on show the next week.
How are we going to spend the next ten hours?
七、过去将来时
过去将来时用于表示相对于过去某一时间点将发生的动作,基本形式:should /would do, 多用在表示过去时间的上下文中.
如: She asked what she should do to please her parents.
The farmer concluded that it was going to rain soon. |
原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/listen/vocabulary/196388.html |