托福语法讲解:名词在句中的作用(在线收听) |
考点一 名词(词组)作主语
填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语
例题:
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
(A) was a major collection
(B) that a major collection
(C) a collection was major
(D) a major collection
答案: (D)
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句
考点二 名词(词组)作宾语
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语
例题:
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans.
(A) new dance, the twist
(B) twist, was the new dance
(C) twist, the new dance that
(D) new dance is the twist
答案: (A)
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语
同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明,
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town.
例题:
(1)
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
(A) that institutes
(B) while instituted
(C) was an institution
(D) an institute
答案: (D)
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语
(2)
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century.
(A) is the great modern choreographer
(B) one of the great modern choreographers
(C) that the great modern choreographers
(D) the modern choreographers were great
答案:B
解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句
考点四 名词(词组)作定语
名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题
这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等 |
原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/listen/vocabulary/196419.html |