有声读物《孙子兵法》第9期:第二章 作战(2)(在线收听

   作战篇 NO.2:

  其用战也胜,久则钝兵挫锐,攻城则力屈,久暴师则国用不足。
  夫钝兵挫锐,屈力殚货,则诸侯乘其弊而起,虽有智者不能善其后矣。
  故兵闻拙速,未睹巧之久也。
  夫兵久而国利者,未之有也。
  故不尽知用兵之害者,则不能尽知用兵之利也。
  这句啥意思:
  因此,军队作战就要求速胜,如果拖的很久则军队必然疲惫,挫失锐气。一旦攻城,则兵力将耗尽,长期在外作战还必然导致国家财用不足。
  如果军队因久战疲惫不堪,锐气受挫,军事实力耗尽,国内物资枯竭,其他诸侯必定趁火打劫。这样,即使足智多谋之士也无良策来挽救危亡了。
  所以,在实际作战中,只听说将领缺少高招难以速胜,却没有见过指挥高明巧于持久作战的。
  战争旷日持久而有利于国家的事,从来没有过。
  所以,不能详尽地了解用兵的害处,就不能全面地了解用兵的益处。
  英文这么说:
  When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a town,you will exhaust your strength.
  Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain.Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped,your strength exhausted and your treasure spent,other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no man, however wise,will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.
  Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war,cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.
  There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.
  It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.
  《从作战篇看》
  孙子从"不尽知用兵之害者,则不能尽知用兵之利"这一朴素的辩证法思想出发,着重阐述了在进攻作战中速战速决的战略主张。他说:"兵闻拙速,未睹巧之久也。"这话的意思是说,指挥虽拙而求速胜,决不为稳妥而旷日持久。孙子参加的吴军破楚入郢之战,就是这一战略思想绝好的说明。当时如果楚军封锁楚国北部的三关要塞,前后夹击,吴军将处于十分被动的地位。战争由于其概然性和不确实性的程度较大,因此,总是带有一定程度的冒险性的,所以,在当时的条件下孙子主张实行速战速决的战略是有其客观依据的。
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