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Thomas Church--托马斯 丘奇Beaux Arts--美术学院Harvard--哈佛Berkley--伯克利geometric--几何simultaneously--同时influential--有影响Thomas Church Twentieth Century garden designers in both England and America were educated in the Beaux Arts tradition that emphasized large formal landscapes. Thomas Church (1902-78) studied this traditional style at both Harvard and Berkley, and began to practice landscape architecture in California in 1930, where there was a developing trend that gardens should be an extension of the living space of the home. Church used stone and concrete to define the boundaries of his outdoor rooms. He worked primarily in small gardens and so tried to create the illusion of a greater space: he directed the eye to distant mountains, created varied levels with redwood decking and incorporated the kidney shaped swimming pool. Architecturally striking plants and colorful flowers were confined to geometric beds or containers. In 1955 he published “Gardens for People” which popularized his ideas that a garden should have no beginning and no end and should be conceptualized to be seen simultaneously from a number of viewpoints. Line and form were combined and patterns made a rhythm. His style was a response to the landscape, climate and lifestyle of California, but he was an influential pioneer of modernism in landscape design internationally.