VOA常速英语2016--卢布贬值影响俄罗斯餐饮行业（在线收听）

卢布贬值影响俄罗斯餐饮行业

Moscow's casual dining scene has grown exponentially in the past decade, but Russia'seconomic decline, the drop in the value of the ruble and high inflation are taking a toll. IgorBukharov, president of the Russian Federation of Restaurateurs & Hoteliers, estimatedthat as many as 30 percent of restaurants in Moscow this year might be forced to close asRussians tighten their belts. The restaurants close down not only because of a high rent or lowpurchase power of the population, but because of our gastronomic culture as people come tothe restaurants not just to dine, but they come for leisure time. Bukharov said midrangerestaurants are suffering the most as Russians look to cheaper fast food to save money. Manylandlords peg restaurant space to U.S. dollars or euros, so the drop in the value of the Russiancurrency effectively doubled their rates. Anton Lyalin, managing partner of steakhouse chainTorro Grills, says he have not choice but to cut costs. But any crisis turns you to be morecreative, to be more efficient. We have to see where we spend money in terms of labor. Wehave to see where our costs are and we have to cut them. To still survive, we have torenegotiate our deals about rent, which was a big deal for the last two months in the wholeindustry. Lyalin sources meat locally, so, unlike European-themed restaurants, he was notterribly hurt by Russia's ban on Western food imports. But a newer seafood restaurant itopened, featuring lobster, had to switch to Russian crab after authorities put a stop tolobster imports. For Muscovites who want to cook at home but may not be great at it, KaterinaCronstedt, founded an online dinner kit delivery service. It's becomes too expensive to go torestaurants, but people still want high-quality food, which we can offer them. And, since we'rebased in a restaurant, an existing restaurant that has been around for 15 years, we haveaccess to professionals, we have access to great quality meats and fish, which you cannot getin the shop. Cronstedt, a Swedish citizen born in Russia, is managing director of family-runKaterina Hotels. She says that while occupancy rates in her hotel chain have gone downslightly, her dinner kit delivery service is booming. Restaurant owners say that despite thepain of the economic downturn, the cost-cutting and competition will ultimately benefitconsumers as their spending focuses on the best quality for the best price.

虽然在过去的10年中，莫斯科餐饮业发展迅猛，但俄罗斯的经济疲软、卢布的贬值、高通货膨胀率已经开始产生负面影响。据俄罗斯酒店和餐饮业经营者协会主席Igor Bukharov估计，今年莫斯科有30%的餐厅可能因俄罗斯人民的勒紧腰带过日子而被迫关门。这些餐厅关门不仅是因为房租高、消费低，还因为俄罗斯的饮食文化里，人们到餐厅不只是用餐，还为了休闲。

Igor称，中档餐厅受影响最大，因为俄罗斯民众为了省钱，都去便宜的快餐店。很多房东要求餐厅老板以美元或欧元方式支付，所以卢布贬值让餐厅偿付率加倍。牛排餐厅Torro Grills连锁店的股东安东说，我们别无选择，只能削减成本。但任何危机都能让你变得更有创造力、更高效。我们会去审视劳动力方面的支出。会去看支出在了哪些地方，并进行削减。但是为了经营下去，我们还是要跟房东讲价。跟房东讲价已经成了过去两个月以来餐饮行业的头等大事。Lyalin餐厅一直都从本地上货肉类，所以它不像欧洲主题的那些餐厅一样，并没有因为俄罗斯禁止进口西方食物而受到大幅影响。但还有一个新开的海鲜餐厅就没这么幸运了，这家餐厅主营龙虾，但在当地政府发布进口禁令后，就转为螃蟹了。卡捷琳娜为想在家里做饭却不太擅长做饭的人创立了在线下单的晚餐配送服务。去餐厅吃饭越来越贵，但人们还想要优质食物，而我们就能做到这一点。而且我们本身就是一家有15年创办历史的餐厅，能接触到餐饮业专业人士、优质肉类和鱼类，而这些都是在商店里买不到的。卡捷琳娜是瑞典人，在俄罗斯长大，目前是卡捷琳娜家族饭店的总经理。她说，虽然饭店的上座率微有降低，但配送服务却增势迅猛。餐厅老板们纷纷表示，经济衰退、成本削减和竞争激烈对消费者有好处，因为他们能以最便宜的价钱获得最优质的服务。