1. perforate /ˈpɜ:fəˌreɪt/

-- (literally, "bore through") make a hole or holes through; pierce; puncture

The physician said the tack had gone through Betty's shoe and sock without perforating her skin.

医生说大头针穿过了贝蒂的鞋袜，但未刺伤她的皮肤。

 

 

2. permeate /ˈpə:mieit/

-- pass through; penetrate; spread through

At breakfast the aroma of freshly brewed coffee permeates the kitchen and dining room.

吃早餐时刚泡好的咖啡的香味弥漫了整个厨房与饭厅。

 

 

3. perplex /pəˈpleks/

-- confuse thoroughly; puzzle; bewilder

I need help with the fourth problem; it perplexes me. 

我需要人帮我解第四题；它使我困惑。

 

 

4. persist /pəˈsist/

-- (literally, "stand to the end") 1. continue in spite of opposition;refuse to stop; persevere

2. continue to exist; last; endure

The teacher told Eric to stop whispering. When he persisted she sent him to the dean.

老师叫埃里克不要说悄悄话，当他依旧我行我素时，她让他去见系主任。

The rain is supposed to end in the morning, but it persisted through the afternoon and evening.

雨应该在早上停的，却持续下了一个下午和一个晚上。

 

 

5. perturb /pəˈtɜ:b/

-- disturb thoroughly or considerably; make uneasy; agitate; upset

Maggie's parents were perturbed when they learned she had failed two subjects.

玛吉的父母知道她两科不及格时感到很不安。

 

 

6. perennial /pəˈreni:əl/

-- 1. continuing through the years; enduring; unceasing

2. plant that lives through the years

Authors have come and gone, but Shakespeare has remained a perennial favorite.

作家们昙花一现般地来了又走，只有莎士比亚成为人们永久的喜好。

Perennials like the azalea and forsythia bloom year after year.

多年生的植物如杜鹃、连翘一年接一年地开花。

 

 

7. pertinent /ˈpə:tinənt/

-- (literally, "reaching through to") connected with matter under consideration; to the point; related; relevant

Stick to the point; don't give information that is not pertinent.

紧扣主题，不要扯一些不相关的事。