美国国家公共电台 NPR 'Just Show Up': Sheryl Sandberg On How To Help Someone Who's Grieving（在线收听）

ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:

Life was good for Sheryl Sandberg when she and her husband, Dave Goldberg took a vacation in Mexico two years ago. She was a senior executive at Facebook, mother of two and the best-selling author of the book "Lean In." Then her husband died of heart failure. He was 47. Sandberg went into a period of darkness and worked with professionals and friends to get through it.

She wrote her latest book with one of those professionals, the psychologist Adam Grant. It's called "Option B: Facing Adversity, Building Resilience And Finding Joy." Sandberg told me that after her husband died, she noticed that people started reacting differently to her.

SHERYL SANDBERG: My interactions before - I would drop my kids off at school, and you know, the parents and I would all wave to each other - show up at work, and everyone would chit chat. A lot of that just stopped, and people kind of looked at me like I was a ghost. And it's not just death which does this. It's really all forms of adversity. You want to silence a room, get diagnosed with cancer, you know, have someone in your family go to prison, lose a job, sexual assault.

These things are uncomfortable, and because they're uncomfortable, people are often afraid of saying the wrong thing and often say nothing at all. And then we have this huge elephant in a room following us around. And one of the reasons I wrote the book and I'm launching optionb.org is that the problem with that is that we then don't help each other when we most need that help.

SHAPIRO: There also seems to be a certain unfairness in the idea that the person who is suddenly going through this really difficult thing should have the onus of telling other people how to react to them, you know, that, like, communicating what you need should not be a thing you have to add to your list of things to do when you're suddenly figuring out how to go through life as a single parent.

SANDBERG: One of the things I learned is how I didn't really handle this that well when I was on the other side of it. I used to say when someone is going through something hard, is there anything I can do? And I meant it. I meant it kindly.

SHAPIRO: Yeah.

SANDBERG: But the problem is, as you said, that kind of shifts the burden to the person you're offering the help to to figure out what they need. And when I was on the other side of that question, I didn't know how to answer it. Is there anything you can do? Well, can you make Father's Day go away so I don't have to live through it every year?

SHAPIRO: Right.

SANDBERG: No. Rather than an offer to do something, it's often better to do anything. Just do something specific. My wonderful friends Dan and Esther Levy tragically lost a son, and they spent many months in a hospital before that. And one of his friends texted him and said, what do you not want on a burger?

SHAPIRO: (Laughter).

SANDBERG: Not, do you want dinner?

SHAPIRO: Right, yeah.

SANDBERG: Another friend texted and said, I'm in the lobby of your hospital for an hour for a hug whether you come down or not. Now, there's no one way to grieve, and not everyone will want the same thing. So the best approach is really, ask people. Say, I know you're going through something terrible; I'm coming over with dinner tonight. Is that OK?

SHAPIRO: Yeah. Something that I learned from this book is that resilience is not a fixed quantity. People are not just born resilient or not, but they can actually build resilience and train resilience. What's the bicep curl equivalent for building resilience?

SANDBERG: (Laughter) Well, the most important thing you can do to build resilience is find gratitude. And it's completely counterintuitive, right? I lost my husband, and I would have thought that what you want to do in that situation is try to come up with any positive thought you can.

SHAPIRO: Yeah.

SANDBERG: But one day, Adam said to me, you should think about how things could be worse. And I looked at him like he was crazy. I'm like, worse - are you kidding? And he said, Dave could have had that same cardiac arrhythmia driving your children.

SHAPIRO: Oh.

SANDBERG: Right? I mean...

SHAPIRO: Yeah.

SANDBERG: Sock it to the gut - never occurred to me I could have lost all three. And the second you say that, you're - I'm good. My kids are alive.

SHAPIRO: (Laughter) Yeah.

SANDBERG: And I feel that the great irony of going through at least the worst thing to date in my life and coming out more grateful is that it never occurred to me that Dave wouldn't grow old. It never occurred to me I would grow old, and I think I took it for granted.

My cousin Laura (ph) turned 50 on Valentine's Day, and I called her. And I - Laura, I'm calling to say happy birthday, but I'm also calling because in case you woke up this morning with that oh-my-God-I'm-50 thing, this is the year that Dave won't turn 50. And there's only two choices. Turns out we either grow old, or we don't.

SHAPIRO: Yeah.

SANDBERG: And I'm celebrating that you are 50 today.

SHAPIRO: Yeah.

SANDBERG: How do we live knowing how every single day is precious and life is short?

SHAPIRO: It was sort of poignant to read this about your own realization of assumptions that you had made when you wrote your last book which was so popular, "Lean In," that now that you've lost your husband, you realize some of the things you said in "Lean In" just sort of missed the boat in a certain way.

SANDBERG: Yeah. I think in some ways I didn't get it. When I wrote "Lean In," I certainly thought about single mothers and single parents, and I wrote about that in the book. But I also titled a whole chapter Make Your Partner A Real Partner. And it wasn't until I lost Dave that I really understood how hard that could be for someone who didn't have one the same way Father's Day is so hard for us now. And you know, my daughter's in Girl Scouts. The father-daughter dance is brutal. And I posted this last Mother's Day and said, I don't think I understood this deeply enough. And I really believe we need to do better.

Thirty-seven percent of single mothers in this country are living in poverty, 40 percent if you are black or Latina. That's unacceptable. Resilience is needed by everyone, and hardship is not evenly distributed. People who are living with disadvantage and living in poverty face more to overcome and have fewer resources with which to overcome. And we need to change both of those.

SHAPIRO: When you were in the darkest part of this tunnel, can you tell me a story about the moment that you first saw a glimmer of light that suggested it wouldn't feel this way forever?

SANDBERG: About four months after Dave died, I went to a friend's child's bar mitzvah, and I got on a dance floor with an old high school friend and danced to a song I love. And then a minute in, I just started crying a lot on a dance floor. He had to kind of take me outside. And I didn't really know what was wrong, and then I realized I felt OK for one minute. I danced and felt happy for a minute. And then immediately the guilt just flooded into my body. How can I feel OK when Dave is gone?

And what I realized is that it's not just overcoming the grief, and it's not just overcoming the isolation. It's giving ourselves permission to feel happy. My brother-in-law, Dave's only sibling, did this for me in such a beautiful way. He called me one day, and his - he was crying. I could hear it in his voice. And he said, all Dave ever wanted was for you and your children to be happy. Don't take that away from him in death.

I think when we think about helping people who are facing adversity, we often think about, you know, holding them as they cry, being there to dry the tears, bringing them dinner in a hospital. But there's another side. We need to help them rebuild. We need to give them permission to laugh. One of the suggestions Adam made to me is, write down three moments of joy before you go to bed. And it's the New Year's resolution I've kept by far the longest.

SHAPIRO: Really?

SANDBERG: Well, the thing about happiness is I think sometimes we're waiting for the big stuff to be happy.

SHAPIRO: Right - I got a promotion.

SANDBERG: We have a baby.

SHAPIRO: Yeah.

SANDBERG: Exactly. But happiness isn't always the big things. Happiness is actually the little things, the little moments that make up our day. And in the face of Dave's death, the big thing was not getting better. And it's still not better. So if I wait for that to get better to feel any happiness, I'm never going to feel it.

SHAPIRO: But you still might pass lilacs on the way in to work.

SANDBERG: Right. My coffee tasted good this morning.

SHAPIRO: Yeah.

SANDBERG: My daughter gave me a hug, an extra hug without being asked, right? These are tiny moments of joy, but because I'm going to write them down at the end of the day, I notice them, and I savor them.

SHAPIRO: Well, Sheryl Sandberg, thank you so much for talking with us.

SANDBERG: Thank you.

SHAPIRO: Sheryl Sandberg is the chief operating officer at Facebook and co-author with psychologist Adam Grant of the new book "Option B."

(SOUNDBITE OF STEPHEN MCKEON SONG, "BING ABI")